基于GIS的可视化土质边坡稳定性分析系统研究

结合GIS空间数据分析能力与极限平衡法开发了可视化的土质边坡稳定性分析系统GiSlope,介绍了边坡几何模型、外荷载与加筋结构模型、滑动面及地下水位线模型等分析模型的可视化建立过程,阐述了计算分析的设定、任意形状滑动面土条条分方法以及计算参数的确定方法。通过对几个典型实例的分析与国内外商业软件计算结果的对比,验证了系统计算的正确性和可靠性。     

A TAU-LIKE TEST FOR TREND IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE CENSORING POINTS1

ABSTRACT: A common problem arises in testing for trends in water quality when observations are reported as “less than detection limit.” If a single detection limit is used for the entire study, existing non-parametric statistical methods, modified for ties, are applicable. If, however, the detection limit varies during the course of the study, resulting in multiple detection limits, then the commonly used trend detection methods are not appropriate. A statistic similar to Kendall's tau, but based on expected ranks, is proposed. Monte Carlo simulations show that the normal approximation to the distribution of this statistic is quite good, even for small samples and a large proportion of censored observations. The statistic is also shown to have greater power than the ad-hoc method of treating all observations less than the target censored observation as tied.     

ADJUSTMENT OF STREAM CHANNEL CAPACITY FOLLOWING DAM CLOSURE,YEGUA CREEK,TEXAS1

ABSTRACT: In Yegua Creek, a principal tributary of the Brazos River in Texas, surveys of a 19 km channel reach downstream of Somerville Dam show that channel capacity decreased by an average of 65 percent in a 34 year period following dam closure. The decrease corresponds with an approximately 85 percent reduction in annual flood peaks. Channel depth has changed the most, decreasing by an average of 61 percent. Channel width remained stable with an average decrease of only 9 percent, reflecting cohesive bank materials along with the growth of riparian vegetation resulting from increased low flows during dry summer months. Although large changes in stream channel geometry are not uncommon downstream of dams, such pronounced reductions in channel capacity could have long‐term implications for sediment delivery through the system.     

热爆炸理论在粉尘爆炸机理研究中的应用

笔者对粉尘爆炸的几种机理进行了简要分析 ,认为粉尘爆炸是由热爆炸引起的。在对粉尘燃烧过程作了较为合理的假设后 ,将热爆炸理论中均温系统的热爆炸判据 ,应用于粉尘爆炸中 ,得出了爆炸下限与粉尘粒径呈线性关系的结论 ,且与实验符合 ,并推导出粉尘的热爆炸判据。结果表明 :用热爆炸理论来解释粉尘爆炸机理是可行的。     

轴心受压钢筋混凝土柱等效火灾荷载的计算

迄今为止，国内外有关计算构件耐火极限的方法，是钢筋混凝土构件与防火研究的主要内容。而在结构设计中，由于直接考虑的是荷载作用，为此提出了一个新概念——等效火灾荷载，将火灾对结构的影响直接考虑成荷载作用。在确定了混凝土柱的截面温度场后，利用一种简化计算方法计算出钢筋混凝土柱的等效火灾荷载，进而计算出钢筋混凝土柱的耐火极限。在火灾中，作为结构最基本的构件柱可能受到单面或多面的火作用，这里仅介绍轴心受压钢筋混凝土柱等效火灾荷载的计算。     

可燃气体(液体蒸气)的爆炸极限与最大允许氧含量的对比研究

通过实验研究了可燃气体(液体蒸气)的爆炸极限规律,从全新的角度分析了各种浓度可燃气体(液体蒸气)的最大允许氧含量的规律,并运用数值分析原理拟合出其规律函数,可从理论上求得各种浓度可燃气体(液体蒸气)的最大允许氧含量值。通过爆炸极限和最大允许氧含量规律的对比研究,分析了两者相辅相成的重要关系,指出两者从不同角度界定了可燃气体(液体蒸气)的爆炸范围,是衡量可燃气体(液体蒸气)爆炸危险性的两个重要参数。     

可靠性强化试验技术在平板电视电源模块研发中的应用

简要介绍了可靠性强化试验技术原理与特点,总结了其在平板电视电源模块研发阶段中的应用方法,着重阐述了试验过程和五个类型的试验剖面;引述了激发应力范围的统计学方法,并给出了部分产品应用实施可靠性强化试验技术的典型案例,说明其在激发暴露产品设计、工艺缺陷等方面的突出效果。     

页岩气压裂作业人因失误结构化辨识方法研究

为提高页岩气压裂作业人因失误辨识结果的全面性和针对性,建立一种结构化的人因失误辨识方法。通过概括辨识阶段的作业流程,建立作业人员行为模型,概述作业人员的行为阶段。利用筛选出的引导词辨识行为阶段人因失误。将该方法应用于页岩气压裂过程的替液阶段。结果表明,用引导词能明确辨识方向,减少头脑风暴时间以及对专家知识的依赖;辨识过程的动态调整能改善认知可靠性,使更多人因失误模式(与传统CREAM方法相比)被辨识出来。     

Influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured flammability limits

There is a clear difference between exiting data on the measured flammability limits of hydrogen-air mixture. The non-uniformity of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air is a contributor to deviations of the upper flammability limit (UFL) and the lower flammability limit (LFL) measured in different experiments. This paper presents a numerical model to simulate the gas mixing process from start to stability, to predict the concentration distribution, and to research the influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured UFLs and LFLs. The commercial software package Fluent was used to carry out the numerical simulation for the concentration distribution of hydrogen in air in the vessels with length-to-diameter ratios (L: D) of 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 7:1 respectively. Based on the numerical simulation and analysis, the influence of concentration distribution on measured flammability limits was demonstrated for hydrogen in air in the vessel. It is found that the deviations of measured flammability limits of hydrogen in air are the minimum in the vessel with length-to-diameter ratio of 1:1, and augment with the augmentation of vessel length-to-diameter ratio. Moreover, it is presented that the deviations of measured flammability limits of hydrogen in the center of the vessel are lower than that in the top and the bottom.     

长江河口潮区界溶解态无机氮磷的通量

利用长江河口潮区界大通站的水质资料探讨了溶解态无机氮、磷浓度和通量的变化。结果表明：NO3^-,NH4^ ,DIN的浓度随季节变化不明显，而NO2^-,PO4^3-的浓度是枯季较高、洪季较低：1963－1984年间，NO3^-,NO2^-,NH4^ 、DIN和PO4^3-的年平均浓度分别为17．1、0．43、7．1、24．7、0．19μmol/L，平均通量分别为33．1、0．51、3．67、10．5和0．54kg/s，平均年通量分别为104.44,1.61,11.56,33.1和1.70万t；溶解态无机氮、磷的通量由于受到流量的影响而在年内分配不均匀，其中NO3^-,NO^-,NH4^ DIN和PO4^3-在洪季的通量分别为全年的72．9％，58．1％、69．2％、71％和68．3％；NO3^-,NO2^-，DIN年通量的总变化趋势是稳步上升，且与氮肥使用量成高度显著的正线性相关。1998年，NO3^-,NO2^-,NH4^ 和PO4^3-的年通量分别为477．3，1．356、3．097和2．296万t。