PROBLEMS OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING IN INDIA1

ABSTRACT Water resources planning in India since the First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) has been a very important part of national development planning. However, records show that the results of such planning in the last three decades have fallen short of expectations because of various complex factors. Most of the limiting factors are administrative, political, legal, and philosophical, involving premature comprehensive planning, arbitrary selection of plan targets, administrative “red-tape,” ineffective coordination among water resources related departments, and water ownership conflicts among various states and with neighboring countries. Other constraints are related to a lack of adequate dependable data, the inadequacy of project feasibility studies, and a lack of social and political discipline necessary for adequate mobilization of financial resources.     

略论环境管理模式的重大变革——ISO14000系列标准剖析

国际标准化组织（ＩＳＯ）根据环发大会的决议，１９９３年６月正式成立“环境管理技术委员会”（ＩＳＯ／ＣＴ２０７），负责环境管理工具及体系方面国际标准化工作。文章通过对ＩＳＯ－１４０００系列标准的背景和内容的介绍与分析，阐述了目前在我国实施ＩＳＯ－１４０００系列标准的意义和对策。建议。     

浅谈环境保护行政处罚中告知程序

本文根据《行政处罚法》的要求，阐述了环境保护行政处罚告知在履地中的问题和加强这一工作的具体措施与步骤，有较强的操作性，指导性与实践性。     

区划调整后巢湖水污染治理的机遇与挑战——基于排污权交易的巢湖水质管理研究

巢湖是中国典型的富营养化湖泊,为国家“三河三湖”重点水污染防治流域之一。行政区划调整为巢湖治污带来了机遇与挑战。在巢湖流域开展排污权交易将是回应区划调整、优化配置环境资源的积极举措。     

关于生活垃圾管理问卷调查的分析

调查问卷涵盖了生活垃圾管理的体制机制、手段方法和规划决策、监督管理、垃圾标准、垃圾分类、垃圾量控制等重要内容。通过对问卷调查的分析,表明被调查人员对生活垃圾管理具有相当的认知水平。对主要内容具有共识,同时对一些问题的看法还存在差异。     

基于结构方程模型的京津冀城市用地行政边界效应分析

行政边界如何影响城市用地规模?论文以京津冀为研究案例,基于结构方程构建5个时段（1990、1995、2000、2005、2010年）的城市用地行政边界效应模型,揭示行政边界影响下城市用地的扩张机理和演化特征。研究结果表明：行政边界对城市用地规模的直接影响效应不显著;行政边界通过对经济、人口等中间要素的影响间接作用于城市用地的扩张过程;1990—2010年的5个时间节点,京津冀城市用地行政边界效应的间接影响要素中,财政支出和非农业人口的主导作用明显,社会固定资产、实际利用外资和职工平均工资也在不同阶段发挥了不可忽视的作用;在社会经济发展水平较低、市场化和区域一体化滞后的阶段,社会固定资产是行政边界影响城市用地规模的重要间接要素,而在要素流动较为频繁的时期,实际利用外资和职工平均工资成为构筑在行政边界和城市用地规模间不可忽视的中间要素。本研究可为京津冀城市用地的理性扩张和城市开发边界的划定提供理论支持和政策建议。     

环境行政合同研究

环境行政合同是适应市场契约精神的新兴的环境行政管理方式,存在诸多问题值得研究。本文分析阐述了环境行政合同的概念、特点、分类及作用,并对如何完善这一制度进行了探讨。     

环境行政执法存在的问题及应对措施

环境保护执法不到位、行政不作为、执法难、执法软等现象,不仅损害了环境法律的严肃性和环保部门的形象,在一定程度上纵容了环境违法行为,地方保护主义等因素的存在,又使环境执法难成为各地的普遍存在的问题。因此环保部门应尽快制定措施,完善法规、健全机制、强化执法力量、加大宣传力度。     

Using NDVI to Assess Vegetative Land Cover Change in Central Puget Sound

We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the rapidly growing Puget Sound region over three 5-year time blocks between 1986–1999 at three spatial scales in 42 Watershed Administrative Units (WAUs) to assess changes in the amounts and patterns of green vegetation. On average, approximately 20% of the area in each WAU experienced significant NDVI change over each 5-year time block. Cumulative NDVI change over 15 years (summing change over each 5-year time block) was an average of approximately 60% of each WAU, but was as high as 100% in some. At the regional scale, seasonal weather patterns and green-up from logging were the primary drivers of observed increases in NDVI values. At the WAU scale, anthropogenic factors were important drivers of both positive and negative NDVI change. For example, population density was highly correlated with negative NDVI change over 15 years (r = 0.66, P < 0.01), as was road density (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). At the smallest scale (within 3 case study WAUs) land use differences such as preserving versus harvesting forest lands drove vegetation change. We conclude that large areas within most watersheds are continually and heavily impacted by the high levels of human use and development over short time periods. Our results indicate that varying patterns and processes can be detected at multiple scales using changes in NDVIa values.     

车间事故预防工作的认识误区分析

指出了安全管理工作者在车间事故预防工作中的错误思想和错误做法 ,这些做法严重阻碍了企业的安全生产