饮食业油烟监测中存在的问题及解决对策

从实际的饮食业油烟监测出发,结合执行与实践《饮食业油烟排放标准》(GB18483-2001)过程中的各种体会,从采样位置、采样工况以及基准灶头数这三个方面,对饮食业油烟监测中存在的问题进行了探讨,并提出了相应的解决对策:油烟监测前,应确保采样位置的规范,必须对采样断面和位置进行优化选择;油烟监测中,应确保采样工况的正常,油烟净化设备务必处于正常工作状态,要派专人负责工况的监督,维持工况的稳定;在今后的标准修订中,建议对基准灶头数的折算方式予以明确,而不是目前按灶的总发热功率或排气罩灶面总投影面积两种方式并存。     

我国再生资源产业发展现状与存在问题

我国再生资源产业发展初具规模,回收体系发生很大变化,形成一些区域性集散地和交易市场,技术水平有所提高。再生资源产业发展成为资源供应的重要补充,有助于实现“十一五”节能降耗减排目标,提供大量就业机会,带动地方经济发展。但也存在监管不到位,市场秩序混乱,回收环节多,企业规模小,技术水平低,一次污染问题突出,废物进口配额管理不完善,法规不健全,认识不到位等问题。     

高校女研究生安全问题及防治对策

高校女研究生的安全问题是研究生教育与管理中一个现实的课题。笔者运用层次分析法,建立影响高校女研究生安全因素的定量评价层次结构模型,根据因素之间的相对重要性,求出各因素的权重,得出各因素的重要程度,从而确定导致高校女研究生安全问题的关键因素,以此作为安全事故预防的重点。分析结果表明,对高校女研究生安全影响程度最大的前5位指标分别是:思想教育、学费筹集、交际心理与交际技能、性别刻板印象和婚恋价值与择偶标准。在此基础上,提出应对高校女研究生安全问题的防治对策,即搭建就业平台、引导恋爱婚姻、广筹助学经费、增强交际素养、强化身心健康指导等。     

Spatial analysis of resources and environmental carrying capacity in Iran

Urbanization and mass movement of the population from rural areas and small cities to megacities have led to environmental, economic, and social problems in Iran. In dealing with these challenges, assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is considered an effective method to leverage space and capital to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to rank the provincial RECC in Iran. Toward this purpose, environmental indices were generated from remotely sensed and statistical census data. Then, the provinces were scored in terms of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacities, and RECC using the mean variance analysis method. Results demonstrated that in most areas, there is no relationship between economic and infrastructural capacities and development. Statistically, a correlation coefficient of −0.53 between economic and environmental carrying capacities indicated excessive use of environmental capacities. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacity was entirely heterogeneous between the provinces; there was a northeast–southwest pattern in terms of infrastructural capacity and an economic pattern from north to south. The distribution pattern of RECC is most consistent with the environmental capacity, pointing at the high weight of the indicators of the RECC model. In conclusion, this research offers a new vision for policymakers and provides a theoretical and applicable framework for implementing sustainable strategies in land-use planning. It is recommended that the RECC concept and tools can be used not only for planning but also for measuring the efficiency of spatial development programs and establishing land balances in the region.     

当前水环境污染新闻报道的潜在问题及对策研究——基于“长江水污染”议题的新闻数据分析

现今,我国水环境整体情况仍不容乐观,相较于大气污染而言,水污染形势也更为严峻紧迫。水环境关乎着人们的切身利益,与居民的健康和社会稳定紧密勾连,相关的新闻也深刻地反映着社会大众关注的焦点与痛点。拟从获取的数据入手,对以“长江水污染”为议题的新闻报道进行系统地研究分析,从而探讨当前水环境污染新闻报道的潜在问题,并对此提出一些对策与建议。厘清水环境污染新闻报道的现状,把握水环境污染报道存在的问题,对于新闻报道发挥影响力和推动水污染问题的解决具有重要意义。     

行政正当程序视角下环境公众参与制度的规范与完善

行政正当程序理论是环境公众参与制度的理论基础。2014年修订的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》中已经确立以环境公众参与权为核心的环境公众参与制度,但是对于公众参与的规范特别是参与权的规范过于笼统。面对实践中参与主体类型界分不明、多项权利内容规范缺失、法律责任规范效力存疑及环境行政管理规范不足等问题,本文建议应以行政正当程序理论为指导,实现参与主体的类型化界分,细化公众参与权利内容,增加公众参与法律责任条款,并完善环境行政管理公众参与规范。     

某铁矿安全避险六大系统建设实例研究与分析

对所负责参与的某铁矿安全避险六大系统建设的实例进行研究与分析。针对系统运行期间发现的问题和不足,提出相关的应对改进措施。     

Using plants for health: Indigenous knowledge in health care in a tribal region of Bihar,India

While the potential of indigenous knowledge for health care is fully recognised in the literature and by many health professionals, the practices of so many indigenous peoples go unrecorded and untested. Indigenous knowledge remains essentially untapped, an unwritten resource involving information, language and skills in many groups, languages, cultures and environments. An attempt is made in this paper to identify selected indigenous health technologies in a tribal area of Bihar State, India; to describe the treatments, their application and preparation; and to link the traditional practice with the relevant scientific information to test or determine the validity of the practices. These practices were found to be effective in the treatment of a variety of health problems, and most were also scientifically confirmed. The paper argues, however, that other plant uses practised by tribal people still need to be explored: in order to popularise more widely the authenticated practices; to preserve indigenous knowledge; to integrate or blend it with scientific knowledge so that health professionals and healthcare users may benefit from a wider range of healthcare strategies which are environmentally unthreatening.     

村镇土地资源集约利用评价与影响因素分析——以四川省葛仙山镇为例

土地是人类生存和发展的基础,土地利用水平与人类社会的经济、社会和环境效益紧密相关。目前,随着我国城镇化水平的快速发展,城镇土地利用方式正在从粗放外延式向集约内涵式转化,而农村地区由于不合理的土地利用方式,大部分土地集约利用水平低,土地利用效率低。因此,研究农村土地集约利用状况,对转换目前农村土地利用方式并促进农村的可持续发展至关重要。基于行政村空间尺度,利用四川省彭州市2006年土地利用变更调查数据和葛仙山镇社会经济统计数据,运用模糊评价法和因子分析法,对四川省葛仙山镇20个行政村土地资源集约利用水平进行评价,并对影响因素进行因子分析。结果表明：从总体来看,葛仙山镇土地资源集约利用水平较低,属于低度集约利用水平,各行政村之间没有明显的空间差异性,受地形和区位等因素影响,北部丘陵山区的土地资源集约利用水平低于南部平原坝区。因子分析表明提高土地利用程度和土地投入水平是促进葛仙山镇土地资源集约利用水平的两个首要解决问题。尤其是减少北部丘陵山区人均农村居民点面积,提高对建设用地的利用强度,加大对土地的资金投入和人力资源投入,进一步挖掘北部丘陵山区的土地利用潜力,提高土地利用的强度,是葛仙山镇提高土地集约利用总体水平的首要任务。同时,还需加强葛仙山镇村镇土地整理的力度,多途径挖掘土地利用潜力,扩大人均耕地面积,提高土地的可持续利用程度。     

内蒙古煤矿环境地质问题及其防治对策研究

煤炭是内蒙古最具优势的矿产资源 ,其产值几乎占到该区工业产值的一半。由于历史及政策等因素的影响 ,煤矿开发破坏矿区环境资源、诱发地质灾害和导致环境污染。不同地域矿山开发诱发的环境地质问题不同 ,露天和地下不同的开采方式诱发不同的环境地质问题。国有大中型老矿区地面塌陷问题较为严重 ,成为制约矿山持续发展的主要因素之一。乡镇及个体小煤矿“只开发 ,不治理”加剧了矿山地质环境的恶化。在西部大开发中 ,要吸取“先开发 ,后治理”的历史教训 ,走资源合理开发利用与矿区生态环境保护的绿色矿业之路