生态学视野下的研究生教育沟通系统建构

在以导师指导下的自主学习为主要特点的研究生教育阶段,沟通显得尤为重要,通过沟通不断调整策略和目标是实现教育共识的基石,但在现实中,研究生与导师的沟通活动常常难以有效进行。从生态学的视角研究建构研究生教育沟通系统,分析影响沟通系统平衡的各个要素及其协调平衡的方法,可以有效促成目标的实现。     

我国公众灾害教育研究综述

面向公众的灾害教育是防灾减灾工作中的重要一环。通过对公众灾害教育相关研究梳理,明确其概况、实施途径,在此基础上提出策略促进其开展,进而提高全民防灾素养。     

关于“安全工程”专业本科教育的教改探讨

在讨论目前安全工程本科教育存在问题的基础上,提出了以培养安全工程专业的高级技术管理人才为培养目标。通过对各种能力需求的分析,还提出了课程设置的框架和实践环节的内容。强调了工厂安全评价与规划、产品安全设计两门课程的重要性,以保证安全卫生“三同时”制度的实施,并讨论了培养安全工程人才的各种模式。     

The effect of different educational interventions on schoolchildren's knowledge of earthquake protective behaviour in Israel

Knowledge of appropriate behaviour during an earthquake is crucial for prevention of injury and loss of life. The Israeli Home Front Command conducts a yearly earthquake education programme in all Israeli schools, using three types of educational interventions: lectures, drills and a combination of the two. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in providing students with knowledge. We distributed a questionnaire to 2,648 children from the 5th and 6th grades in 120 schools nationwide. Knowledge scores for both 5th and 6th grades were increased, regardless of type of intervention, compared to the non-exposure group. A combined intervention of lectures and drills resulted in the highest knowledge scores. Our findings suggest that for the age group studied a combination of lectures and drills will likely prepare students best for how to behave in the event of an earthquake.     

Double-conscious professional self-expression of racial minority scientists-in-training

Double-consciousness pervades the workplace experiences of minority professionals. Prior research captures various manifestations of double-consciousness in the workplace, yet much of what we know comes from understanding the experiences of minority professionals in predominantly White workplaces. Inherent in conceptions of double-consciousness is the sense of twoness in one's self concept that arises from seeing oneself through the eyes of both the predominantly White profession and one's own racial community. In this study, we examine contrasts as well as commonalities in experiences of double-consciousness across different social contexts in the socialization of minority scientists-in-training. We draw from qualitative data collected from 64 individuals (including 39 underrepresented minority doctoral students, and 25 faculty, staff, and administrators) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) doctoral programs in both predominantly White and historically Black institutions to examine and compare the factors across different contexts that influence how minority scientists-in-training are able to express their emerging professional identity. Our findings reveal how minority scientists-in-training experience twoness as both a struggle and a strength, and we develop an inductive model of how different socializations influence the double-conscious professional self-expressions of minority scientists in training.     

新生鼠PFOS低剂量慢暴露对成年后神经行为的影响

为观察新生鼠全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)低剂量慢暴露对其成年后神经行为和海马组织影响,选取出生后5-7 d雄性SD幼鼠80只,按体重随机分为4组,分别为对照组(Con)、低剂量组(P5)、中剂量组(P10)、高剂量组(P20),每组各20只。从PND7开始染毒,共染毒12周,动态记录体重,并进行水迷宫、旷场实验、滚轮实验观察神经行为变化,同时取材进行HE染色,观察海马形态学改变。结果显示与Con组比较,P20组染毒8 d后出现体重增长减缓(P0.05),4周时P10和P20组死亡率明显升高;并且P10、P20组在4周,P5组在8周时,水迷宫实验逃逸潜伏期延长,目标象限停留时间缩短;P10、P20组大鼠在4周,P5组在8周时,旷场实验中央格停留时间延长,站立次数减少,行走总距离缩短;滚轮试验中,对照组和P5组肢体运动协调能力无显著性差异。P5组在染毒12周时出现海马神经元排列紊乱,胞核固缩及胞体胀大,CA1区细胞和齿状回闩区神经前体细胞数量明显少于Con组(P0.01)。上述结果表明,大鼠幼年PFOS低剂量慢暴露可损害其成年后空间学习记忆及自主探究能力,这种损害可能与海马神经元发生不足有关     

新形势下基层林业企业安全教育管理机制探析

从基层林业企业安全教育管理现状出发,分析了当前安全教育管理存在的问题,结合新形势下林业企业实际,探索创新安全生产管理路径与措施。     

Tears,fears and cheers: responses to the post‐disaster school relocation policy in China

This paper reports on the results of a qualitative study on the responses of Chinese school children in one junior middle school and their parents to China's post‐disaster school relocation policy. The sample comprised 22 pairs of parent–child dyads and two pupils whose parents could not be contacted. The study results were reported using Chambers and Wedel's (2009) conceptual framework, which delineates the fundamental elements of a policy. Content analysis was used to generate themes related to policy elements, such as goals, benefits and services. Both repetitive themes and idiosyncratic perspectives were reported so as to present a diversity of views. Despite adjustment difficulties and administrative problems reported by the study participants, the policy attention given to the rapid restoration of formal schooling for children was generally appreciated. The move back to the new school was greeted with cheer.     

Adult respiratory distress syndrome in human organophosphate poisoning cases

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome which occurs due to various direct or indirect noxious agents and pyhsical mechanisms. One of the etiological factors is ingested chemicals (e.g. paraquat, ethylene glycol). The organophosphorous (OP) insecticides are the most toxic and frequently encountered chemicals that produce poisoning in humans. Studies were undertaken to investigate whether OP insecticides may produce ARDS. Fifteen autopsy cases due to suicidal OP insecticide poisoning were investigated. Toxicological analyses were performed with a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD). Methamidophos, dimefox and dichlorvos were the detected OP. Lungs were examined macroscopically. Two cases showed features compatible with ARDS in which the only cause of death was OP poisoning. Due to the severity of ARDS it is important to assess insecticidal exposure in an attempt to enhance survival patterns following OP poisoning in patients in order to initiate therapy.     

矿工不安全行为致因分析及控制

探讨和研究人的不安全行为产生原因及控制已成为预防矿难发生的热点问题。针对现场获得的矿工不安全行为（“三违”）事件,从生理和心理效价、经济效价、时间效价、法规执行成本、危险压力成本五个方面进行致因分析,采用模糊聚类方法,选取适当的阈值λ,将不安全行为的产生分为三个基本要素,即:安全知识不足、安全技能不够、安全意识淡薄。鉴于目前对“三违”人员通常采取行政处罚,以及对安全知识和技能的培训流于形式,未能杜绝三违的重复发生,提出了针对不安全行为成因进行针对性的安全教育模式,并且取得了良好效果。