航空遥感技术在大连海滨污染调查中的应用

本文以大连市污染最严重海域的实际及航空遥感图象的综合解译，最终得出其不污染范围及污染程度等结论，为污水的治理、控制、监测及研究海洋自净能力等诸多诸多领域提供数学依据。实践证明，航空遥感技术是海洋环境监测的一种有效手段。     

无人机在山区河流溢油事故溢油寻踪中的应用

针对山区跨越河流输油管道发生原油溢油事故后的不易发现性以及河流溢油事故可能产生的恶劣影响,提出1种通过无人机上装载的高清晰摄像头拍摄识别溢油区域的无人机溢油油头“影迹”寻踪法。该方法对无人机巡线路径进行算法编程,控制无人机的沿河寻油路径,通过无人机识别的溢油区域图片分析溢油油头位置,对溢油量进行大致计算并且能对溢油情况进行初步判断,从而为即将到来的溢油回收环节提供理论数据支撑;能够提高收油效率,大幅度减少山区跨越河流输油管道发生溢油事故后造成污染以及潜在危害的可能性,为油气管道的安全运行提供了一定的保障。     

An assessment of urban development into coastal wetlands using historical aerial photography: a case study

Like many other states in the USA, Virginia passed legislation to protect coastal wetlands with limited information on the rate and location of past wetlands conversions. This information, however, can be useful in the design of cost-effective and flexible programs for wetlands management, particularly when such information is used in combination with studies of the socioeconomic value of wetlands. This paper reports on the use of photogrammetric and interpretive methods to determine historical changes in wetlands use for Virginia Beach and Accomack counties, Virginia. Conclusions are drawn as to the use of such information in policy design and program monitoring.     

Fuel cell system with sodium borohydride hydrogen generator for small unmanned aerial vehicles

A 100 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system with a sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) hydrogen generator was investigated for small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The performance of a cobalt–phosphorous/nickel foam catalyst was evaluated to determine the change in catalytic activity under real operating conditions. The response time increased owing to oxidation of the metals and accumulation of sodium; however, the catalyst remained active at high reaction temperatures. A NaBH₄ hydrogen generator with the catalyst was developed for a 100 W PEMFC system. The hydrogen generation rate was stable for 3 h, and the conversion efficiency was 97.8%. Finally, a 100 W PEMFC system with the NaBH₄ hydrogen generator was investigated for small UAVs. The maximum power and energy density of the PEMFC system were 95.96 W and 185.2 Wh/kg, respectively.     

航迹误差对无人机坠地伤人风险评估的影响

为提高无人机(UAV)安全风险评估的精确性和置信度,在坠地安全风险评估过程中,考虑航迹误差导致的事故瞬间UAV位置和高度的不确定性,及其对坠地撞击点和撞击速度的影响,分析UAV坠地的水平位置误差和高度误差分布特征,确定UAV失效瞬间位置和高度,建立坠地撞击点预测模型,计算其坠地撞击速度,并以M210-RTK型UAV为例,分析不同航迹误差对坠地时间、地面撞击点位置和坠地动能的影响。结果表明:航迹误差作用下,坠地撞击点分布遵循正态分布特征;随着飞行高度的增加,航迹误差对坠地位置的影响逐渐下降,高度误差对坠地动能的影响呈先增后减的趋势。     

悬停状态双旋翼气动干扰与安全间隔研究*

为了保证旋翼无人机编队飞行时的安全性,探究双旋翼间的气动干扰作用,采用计算流体力学仿真的方法,研究悬停状态下不同间隔的双旋翼流场干涉特征和气动参数变化。首先通过单旋翼实验和数值结果对比,验证数值方法的有效性;然后分析不同间隔双旋翼流场干涉的截面速度分布和涡量分布特征;最后讨论双旋翼作用下间隔对气动参数的影响。研究结果表明:气动干扰主要影响2#旋翼的流场特征和气动参数;当两旋翼无横向间隔时,流场可保持对称性,气动力变化主要表现为拉力和扭矩的降低;当横向间隔0.5D≤X≤1.0D时,2#旋翼速度场和涡量场扩散范围受限,其流场出现明显非对称特征;在X=0.5D且1.0D≤Z≤3.0D间隔时2#旋翼受到显著俯仰力矩作用,为悬停较危险区域。     

石斛气生的兰科菌根组织结构及其对御旱研究

基于过去对铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum Wall.Ex Lindl.)气生的兰科菌根适应干旱环境胁迫机理的研究鲜为涉及,现开展了培养基质的不同水分质量分数(w(水分)=43.6%、16.8%、5.5%)对兰科菌根的外部形态以及内部组织结构影响的研究。研究结果表明:基质水分质量分数降低使石斛菌根外部形态发生多样变化;随着基质水分质量分数的不断降低,石斛的生长受到显著的抑制。当基质水分质量分数为5.5%时,石斛的多数生长指标均小于其它处理,但是根冠比(R/S)增加显著,高达2.22;通过不同切片多重镜检测定和图像分析,发现菌根的形态结构产生了天然的适应突变,独特的根被组织细胞层数多达5层以上,细胞壁相对加厚,细胞腔内网、羽状结构比其它两处理明显增多,石斛菌根通过形态结构的改变来适应水分胁迫并维持其生长发育,石斛菌根组织结构的这些改变大大提高了石斛御旱的能力;水分质量分数高低与菌根感染率呈负相关,越是干旱条件菌根真菌繁衍越活跃,菌丝团结构相持时间越长,菌根的这些适应性响应都提高了石斛的抗旱能力。     

彩色红外航片用于水污染遥感监测的定量分析

采用比值法对1：2000彩红外航空胶片透射密度值进行修正,并与运河水质污染参数进行相关统计分析,提出了水质有机污染参数的最佳影象探测密度,建立了相关模型。根据航片密度值估算了苏南大运河水质有机污染参数。结果表明,利用彩红外航片进行大范围水污染遥感监测是可行的。     

SWDC数字航空摄影仪在特大地震灾害中的应用

我国是一个自然灾害频发的国家,汶川大地震产生的巨大破坏将国家减灾救灾的战略需求提到了更高的地位.利用国产SWDC数字航空摄影仪等航空遥感平台,在灾前预警、灾中应急和灾后重建等不同阶段获取及时、准确、有效的灾害数据,是减灾救灾的重要组成内容.阐述了SWDC在灾中应急与灾后详评估中采用的技术方案,并于2008年5月16日、18日、21日三次获取了北川、平武、安县和青川等县市的航空遥感影像,制作了北川县地质灾害分布图、灾区公路损毁分布图等图件.在此基础上,对SWDC的数据快速获取能力和高精度的灾害详评估进行了着重论述.最后,分析了灾害应急航空遥感数据处理的现状,对各种处理手段进行了对比分析,并对航空遥感的未来发展进行了展望.     

Distribution of Selected Soil and Water Conservation Practices in the U.S. as Identified with Google Earth

The proper representation of conservation practices on agricultural lands is an important factor in large‐scale assessments of water quality in the United States. Unfortunately, there are few publicly available data sources at the local level and even fewer at the national scale. In this research, randomly selected points within agricultural lands were examined for selected conservation practices using Google Earth aerial imagery by a team of interpreters. In total, 13,530 points had field boundaries digitized, and were subsequently examined and classified. The presence of terraces, grassed waterways, contour farming, center pivot irrigation, strip cropping, ponds, riparian vegetation, filter strips, and land cover were noted. Subjectivity among interpreters was evaluated using duplicate samples and was found to be similar to image misclassification rates in other research. Conservation practice adoption rates for selected major river basins compared favorably with data collected by the Conservation Effects Assessment Project. The frequency of occurrence of each conservation practice was summarized and presented by ecoregion. To facilitate future research, point level data and software source code developed in this research are available via the web at http://nlet.brc.tamus.edu/Conservation . Aerial imagery was found to be a powerful, inexpensive, and easily accessible tool to assess large‐scale conservation practice implementation for certain conservation practices.