膜生物反应器中排泥方式对污泥胞外聚合物的影响

研究了膜生物反应器(MBR)中间歇排泥以及连续排泥条件下污泥停留时间(SRT)与污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)变化的关系。试验结果表明:在间歇排泥方式下的污泥EPS都明显高于连续排泥方式下的。随着SRT的增加,附着型EPS浓度先是稍有减少,之后快速增加,溶解性EPS则增加。     

N2O and NH3 emissions from a bioreactor landfill operated under limited aerobic degradation conditions

The combination of leachate recirculation and aeration to landfill may be an efficient way for in-situ nitrogen removal. However, nitrogenous substances contained in the landfill layer are concomitantly transformed into N2O and NH3, leading to increased emissions into the atmosphere. In the present study, the emissions of N2O and NH3 were measured under conditions of fresh or partially stabilized refuse with or without leachate recirculation or intermittent aeration. The results showed that the largest N2O emission (12.4 mg-N/L of the column) was observed in the aerated column loaded with partially stabilized refuse and recycled with the leachate of low C/N ratio; while less than 0.33 mg-N/L of the column was produced in the other columns. N2O production was positively correlated with the prolonged aerobic time and negatively related with the C/N ratio in the recycled leachate. NH3 volatilization increased with enhanced gas flow and concentration of free ammonia in the leachate, and the highest cumulative volatilization quantity was 1.7 mg-N/L of the column.     

浸没式膜生物反应器中气含率的研究

通过对浸没式膜生物反应器中总平均气相含率、下降区气含率和上升区气含率的测量和研究,实验表明:反应器运行的适宜工况流量为:100~300 m3/h之间,曝气量:2.5~7.5 m3/h;验证了静压差法测量气含率的方法在膜生物反应器中的适用性;根据测量数据分析得出膜生物反应器中总平均气含率随曝气量的增大而增加,整个下降区气含率及计算得到的上升区气含率都稳定增大,但下降区内部每段气含率呈现余弦曲线的变化规律。     

A fouling suppression system in submerged membrane bioreactors using dielectrophoretic forces

A novel method was developed to suppress membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. The method is based on the dielectrophoretic (DEP) motion of particles in an inhomogeneous electrical field. Using a real sample of biomass as feed, the fouling-suppression performance using DEP with different electrical field intensities (60-160 V) and different frequencies (50-1000 Hz) was investigated. The fouling-suppression performance was found to relate closely with the intensity and frequency of the electrical field. A stronger electrical field was found to better recover the filtrate flux. This is because of a stronger DEP force acting on the biomass particles close to themembrane's surface. Above an intensity and frequency value of 130 V and 1 kHz, respectively the permeate flux was reduced due to an electrothermal effect.     

A fouling suppression system in submerged membrane bioreactors using dielectrophoretic forces

A novel method was developed to suppress membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. The method is based on the dielectrophoretic(DEP) motion of particles in an inhomogeneous electrical field. Using a real sample of biomass as feed, the fouling-suppression performance using DEP with different electrical field intensities(60–160 V) and different frequencies(50–1000 Hz) was investigated. The fouling-suppression performance was found to relate closely with the intensity and frequency of the electrical field. A stronger electrical field was found to better recover the filtrate flux. This is because of a stronger DEP force acting on the biomass particles close to the membrane's surface. Above an intensity and frequency value of130 V and 1 k Hz, respectively the permeate flux was reduced due to an electrothermal effect.     

气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器降解2,4-二氯酚的研究

从以2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)长期驯化的好氧活性污泥中分离出一株以2,4-DCP为唯一碳源的菌种,将这种菌固定在气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器内,研究了此反应器在半连续流运行时,对2,4-DCP单基质及其与苯酚共基质时对污染物的降解情况及降解动力学.结果表明,2,4-DCP单基质时,反应器对氯酚的去除效果随着实验次数的增加而加快;2,4-DCP与苯酚共基质时,苯酚的降解速率随着半连续流实验次数的增加而加快,而氯酚的降解速率则表现出下降的趋势.此外,还研究了此反应器在连续流运行时对2,4-DCP的降解,水     

一体式膜-生物反应器降低能耗的中试试验

基于气升式内循环反应器原理,对一体式膜-生物反应器结构进行了优化设计,构建了处理量为15.6m³/d的中试装置.通过水动力学特性的考察,得到中试装置的经济曝气强度为96m³/(m²·h);通过经济曝气强度条件下的临界通量试验,得到污泥浓度小于13g/L时的膜临界通量区域为30～35L/(m²·h).由此确定了中试装置连续运行的操作参数,实现了次临界通量[30L/(m²·h)]条件下处理城市污水的稳定运行.能耗分析显示,该中试反应器的气水比为21:1,有效单位产水能耗为0.42kW·h/m³.     

导气管管径对准好氧生物反应器填埋场碳氮污染物转化的影响

通过建立3个不同导气管管径(Ф25 mm,Ф50 mm,Ф75 mm)的准好氧生物反应器填埋场,探究了导气管管径对其碳氮污染物转化的影响.研究表明,准好氧生物反应器填埋场渗滤液总氮、氨氮、CODCr、TOC的降解均符合线性-指数复合模型,且当导气管管径由25 mm增大至50mm时,可明显提高其降解速率,分别由0.00323、0.00474、0.01177、0.0059 d-1提高至0.01921、0.02267、0.01617、0.01253 d-1;由50 mm进一步增大至75 mm时,渗滤液碳氮污染物的降解速率也有小幅提高.导气管管径的增大有利于填埋体内碳氮污染物的去除,由Ф25 mm增大至Ф50mm时,碳氮污染物去除率明显提高,且只有很少部分转移至液相中,同时氮污染物和碳污染物的气化率分别提高了33.42%和10.74%;进一步增大至Ф75 mm时,碳氮污染物去除率也有一定程度提高.导气管管径越大,固相中碳氮物质剩余率越低,液化率越低,气化率越高.     

MBR中影响同步硝化反硝化的生态因子

研究了DO、C/N、pH等生态因子对膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化的影响.结果表明,只有在各生态因子保持得当的条件下,同步硝化反硝化才能顺利地进行.DO为1mg/L左右、C/N比为30左右、进水pH值约7.2左右时COD、NH₄⁺、TN的去除率分别为96%、95%和92%.     

丝状菌膨胀对无纺布生物反应器处理效果及膜污染特征的影响

研究了丝状菌膨胀状态和正常污泥状态下无纺布生物反应器的污泥絮体形态、出水水质对比,膜通量变化,膜阻力分析和胞外聚合物(EPS)含量分析.结果表明,膨胀污泥的平均粒径为448.6μm,正常污泥的平均粒径为234.8μm;丝状菌膨胀状态下的平均COD去除率、NH+4-N去除率、出水浊度分别为90.1%、93.1%、1.33 NTU,较之正常污泥状态下的91.4%、97.0%、0.99 NTU,丝状菌膨胀对COD去除几乎没有影响,对NH+4-N去除有一定的抑制,对出水浊度略有影响;膨胀污泥状态和正常污泥状态下的平均膜通量衰减速率分别为3.29 L·(m2·h2)-1、4.87 L·(m2·h2)-1,膨胀状态下的膜污染较轻,膨胀状态下的膜污染以可逆污染为主,正常状态下以不可逆污染为主,优先发生可逆污染可以减少不可逆污染的发生,从而减缓膜通量的下降;正常污泥和膨胀污泥混合液中溶解性微生物产物(SMP)含量分别为21.369 mg·L-1、10.182 mg·L-1,蛋白质/多糖(P/C)分别为0.370、0.497,SMP的总量与膜污染阻力有关系,P/C与可逆污染所占的比例有关系,混合液污泥的松散附着性EPS与膜污染的关系同SMP相似;EPS含量较高的污泥更易于在膜表面累积,并且累积于膜表面的EPS主要是蛋白质,混合液污泥EPS总量、膜面污泥EPS以及它们的P/C都与膜表面可逆污染存在正相关性.