北京地区蜉蝣目（Ephemeroptera）稚虫的分布及与水质关系的研究

报道了北京地区几条主要河流蜉蝣稚虫的种类分布，探讨了其群落结构特征及其与水体环境质量之间的关系，运用种类多样性指数和聚类分析方法对各水体质量状况进行分类评价，结果表明白河和拒马河质量为最好，其余依次为永定河、清水河上游、潮河和清水河。     

江西井冈山甜槠群落特征及物种多样性

井冈山自然保护区地处中亚热带的东部，以甜槠等为建群种的常绿阔叶林是井冈山的主要地带性植被。通过对甜槠群落进行分析研究，充分认识其群落学特征和物种多样性，为该植物群落多样性保护与持续利用提供科学依据。     

珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区的初步评价

对珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区的综合评价表明:珠峰自然保护区具有藏南高原和中喜马拉雅山地两大自然地理单元的地域特征,同时还含有代表上述地域特色的多种国家重点保护的珍稀、濒危动、植物种类,该保护区具很强的自然性,颇赋感染力;区内生态系统脆弱,急需进行保护;保护区地域辽阔,生物多样性强、具有很高的科研潜力。根据上述特征,珠峰自然保护区属综合型自然保护区(生态系统保护区),其级别应列为国家级。同时,珠峰自然保护区亦符合联合国教科文组织人与生物圈计划的生物圈保护区和联合国世界遗地的要求,所以可以申请加入生物圈保护区网和申请列为世界遗产地。     

Portfolio-Based Electricity Generation Planning: Policy Implications For Renewables And Energy Security

Renewable generating technologies offer an effective means for climate change mitigation. Policy makers, however, are wary because of the widespread perception that these technologies cost more than conventional alternatives so that increasing their deployment will raise overall electricity generating costs. Energy planning represents an investment-decision problem. Investors commonly evaluate such problems using portfolio theory to manage risk and maximize portfolio performance under a variety of unpredictable economic outcomes. Energy planners need to similarly abandon their reliance on traditional, “least-cost” stand-alone kWh generating cost measures and instead evaluate conventional and renewable energy sources on the basis of their portfolio cost – their cost contribution relative to their risk contribution to a mix of generating assets. Energy security generally focuses on the threat of abrupt supply disruptions. This paper suggests a more profound aspect: mitigating fossil price volatility. An extensive body of research indicates that fossil volatility significantly disrupts the economies of consuming nations, potentially exacting hundreds of billions of dollars from the US and EU economies alone. Energy security is reduced when countries hold inefficient portfolios that are needlessly exposed to fossil price risks. This paper describes essential portfolio-theory ideas and uses three case studies to illustrate how electricity-generating mixes can benefit from additional shares of wind, geothermal and other renewables. Compared to existing, fossil-dominated mixes, efficient portfolios reduce generating cost while including greater renewables shares in the mix thereby enhancing energy security. Though counter-intuitive, the idea that adding more costly renewables can actually reduce portfolio-generating cost is consistent with basic finance theory. An important implication is that in dynamic and uncertain environments, the relative value of generating technologies must be determined not by evaluating alternative resources, but by evaluating alternative resource portfolios.     

Variations of plant life form diversity along northeast China transect and its direct gradient analysis

Plant life form diversity and its direct gradientanalysis on a larger scale climate change gradient were tested,based on the data from Northeast China transect platform. Theresults showed that the species numbers, life form richness andlife form diversity were relative higher at the eastern forests andthe ecotone between typical vegetation, while those on the meadowgrasslands and typical steppes were lower. Although plant lifeforms can reflect the climate variations, life form diversity isnot consistent with the major global gradient along the NECT.     

杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物多样性研究

根据2004年5、8月2个航次杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物的监测资料,对浮游动物的种类组成和多样性进行了研究。结果表明,2个航次杭州湾生态监控区共监测到浮游动物49种,隶属于11大类,以桡足类为主,有21种;水母类5种;糠虾类4种;毛颚类3种;幼虫7种;磷虾类、樱虾类、端足类、十足类和多毛类各1种,其他类4种。生物量在8．3-400．0 mg／m3,栖息密度在22．5-285．0个／m3,平均栖息密度为116．25个／m3;5月大于8月。多样性指数在1．64-3．41,5、8月杭州湾浮游动物的多样性阈值平均为1．7、2．1,多样性水平Ⅲ级,显示杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物多样性较好。     

Impacts of land cover change on plant and bird species diversity in Hainan Island,China

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DGGE/TGGE方法在土壤微生物群落研究中的应用

变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)或温度梯度凝胶电泳(TGGE)已成为环境微生物学领城比较微生物群落多样性和检测种群动力学的重要分子手段,本文介绍了DGGE/TGGE方法在土壤微生物群落研究中的应用进展及存在的缺陷,并提出了改进建议.     

Landscape structure and bird's diversity in the rural areas of Taiwan

This study tries to discuss the relationship between landscape structure and organisms in the perspective of landscape architecture.The research hypotheses were then proposed as (1) there are relationships between landscape structure indexes and birds‘ diversity in the rural areas of Taiwan;(2)the relationships between landscape structure and birds‘ diversity will be different in different hierarchical levels.In order to increase the bird species,landscape planners could tries to increase the density of water bodies,but decrease the farms and human planted woods.Decrease the density of constructed and human planted grasslands.Increase the area of un-worked acres,natural grasslands,and the area of water bodies and circular the water bodies and natural forest.In order to increase birds‘ diversity,landscape planners could decrease the concentration of paved areas.Concentrate the human planted trees to increase the core areas of woodlands.Increase the area of natural grassland circular.In order to increase the total number of birds in the planning areas,landscape planners could scattered the paved areas and lengthen the constructed areas.Decreases the core region of the constructed areas.Increase the area of un-worked acres and water bodies.Decrease the disturbance of both the interior area of natural and human planted woodlands and try to increase the density of water bodies.The analysis results showed that the small grain size indexes are more suitable for the rural areas of Taiwan to capture the influential factors of bird communities.The high fragmentation of land usages in Taiwan lessens the influences of the regional landscape pattern.     

露天煤矿复垦土地的植物群落多样性与稳定性

随着科学技术的不断发展和进步,人类对自然的干扰越来越强,引发了许多环境问题,使生态系统在不断的退化。“生物多样性”已成为近年来生态学中最为集中的研究热点之一。本文以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例,讨论了露天煤矿复垦区的植物群落多样性与稳定性,旨在对矿区土地复垦与生态重建中的重合生态系统,提供了一定的理论依据。