Protein and amino acid composition of the tergal gland secretions ofBlatta orientalis andEurycotis floridana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)

Summary Nymphs and adult females ofBlatta orientalis and nymphs ofEurycotis floridana produce a proteinaceous sticky secretion which accumulates on the last abdominal tergites. The proteic patterns do not differ between individuals of the same species. HPLC analyses show that all the common amino acids are found in both species, aspartic and glutamic acids representing 24 to 37% of the total amount of amino acids. InB. orientalis, glutamic acid is the more abundant amino acid whereas inE. floridana it is the aspartic acid. The secretion appears and accumulates rapidly on isolated insects. Behavioural assays revealed that these secretions have a defensive role.     

Mechanism of oxidation and catalysis of organic matter abiotic humification in the presence of MnO2

Humification plays a critical role in the environmental fate of organic wastes, and MnO_2 holds great promise for enhancing this reaction. However, the effects of MnO_2 on the enhancement of the humification reaction remain ambiguous. To better reveal the mechanism by which MnO_2 enhances the reaction and investigate the fate of the humification products, abiotic humification experiments were performed using increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter(DOM) to a fixed amount of MnO_2. DOM was represented by model humic precursors consisting of catechol, glucose and glycine. The results indicate that the reduction of MnO_2 played a dominant role in the formation of fulvic-like acids(FLAs), and the subsequent reduction products, MnOOH and Mn(II), acted as catalysts in the formation of humic-like acids(HLAs). Moreover, CO_2 release occurred during the formation of FLAs, and a strong linear correlation between CO_2 release and the formation of FLAs was observed(p 0.01), where 0.73–1.87 mg of CO_2 was released per mg dissolved organic carbon(DOC)FLAs. Furthermore, the concentration of MnO_2 had a pronounced influence on the product behavior, where a lower MnO_2 concentration decreased the quantity of FLAs produced.     

Woody species Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings tolerance to Pb: Physiological and biochemical response

Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation technology. Our previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400?mg/L) in culture solution at 14?days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis roots. Nonetheless, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7?mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems, respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaCl-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.     

氨基修饰氧化石墨烯-羧甲基纤维素复合吸附剂的制备及其对Cr (VI)的吸附性能研究

为获得价格低廉、吸附性能优良的石墨烯基吸附剂,以氧化石墨烯（GO）、羧甲基纤维素（CMC）为基材,以聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）为改性试剂,通过化学修饰的方法制备了氨基修饰氧化石墨烯-羧甲基纤维素复合吸附剂（GO-PEI-CMC）.采用扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征手段证实了CMC、氧化石墨烯与PEI已成功复合.静态吸附实验表明GO-PEI-CMC对Cr （VI）表现出良好的吸附性能,由Langmuir等温吸附模型所得最大吸附量值为243.92 mg·g^-1.吸附动力学、吸附等温线研究表明GO-PEI-CMC对Cr （VI）的吸附为单分子层、化学吸附过程.GO-PEI-CMC对Cr （VI）吸附性能优良,且具有绿色环保、可生物降解的优点,是一种极具潜力的Cr （VI）吸附剂.     

8:2氟调聚羧酸在虾夷扇贝体内的蓄积、分布与转化

以虾夷扇贝（Patinopecten yessoensis）为受试生物,研究了8：2氟调聚羧酸（8：2FTCA）在虾夷扇贝不同组织（肝脏、鳃、性腺、外套膜、闭壳肌）中的蓄积、分布和生物转化特征.结果显示,8：2FTCA蓄积浓度最高的组织为肝脏,达峰值最快的组织为鳃.在8：2FTCA代谢过程中,检测到8：2氟调聚不饱和酸（8：2FTUCA）、7：3氟调聚羧酸（7：3FTCA）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟庚酸（PFHpA）5种代谢产物,其中7：3FTCA和PFOA为含量最丰富的2种代谢产物.它们主要分布在鳃和肝脏组织中,鳃和肝脏是8：2FTCA进行生物转化的主要器官,并且鳃组织中代谢产物的浓度最高.推测出虾夷扇贝体内8：2FTCA的生物转化路径,与虹鳟的生物转化行为相比,虾夷扇贝在代谢产物产量和半衰期上均有差异,说明水生生物的生物转化行为具有物种差异性.8：2FTCA在虾夷扇贝体内可转化为PFOA、PFNA和PFHpA等全氟烷基羧酸（PFCAs）,是虾夷扇贝体内PFCAs的一个间接来源.     

基于细菌学研究改性生物炭对抗生素的降解机制

分别选取3个裂解温度下制备的改性生物炭——MBC350,MBC500和MBC700,2种抗生素——磺胺甲噁唑（SMX）和氯霉素（CAP）,考察MBCs对SMX和CAP生物降解的影响及生物降解过程中Pseudomonas stutzeri和Shewanella putrefaciens的细菌学特征.结果表明,在低浓度MBCs培养的细菌体系中,SMX和CAP的去除主要依靠细菌P.stutzeri和S.putrefaciens的生物降解;而在高浓度MBCs培养的细菌体系中,SMX和CAP的去除主要依靠MBCs的吸附.其主要是由于随着MBCs浓度的增加,对SMX和CAP的吸附量提高,同时促进细菌的繁殖,导致溶液中较少的SMX和CAP被细菌生物降解.MBCs提高了P.stutzeri细胞膜中饱和脂肪酸含量,抑制了S.putrefaciens中饱和脂肪酸的合成.特别是P.stutzeri中脂肪酸C10：0和C15：1,cis-10消失;而S.putrefaciens中逆式脂肪酸C14：1,cis-9和C15：1,cis-10生成.此外,应用基因绝对定量技术发现MBCs显著提高了细菌P.stutzeri的基因表达拷贝数,抑制了S.putrefaciens的基因表达拷贝数.但细菌P.stutzeri和S.putrefaciens的基因表达拷贝数均随着MBCs浓度的增加而增加.因此,本研究表明低浓度MBCs有利于SMX和CAP的生物降解,而高浓度MBCs促进细菌的生长量,脂肪酸和基因表达拷贝数.     

沉湖钻孔沉积物中微生物脂肪酸特征与意义

利用微生物脂肪酸甲酯分析技术研究了江汉平原沉湖湖心滩G1与湖岸G2两沉积柱中微生物群落结构的垂直分布特征及其环境指示意义.结果表明：微生物脂肪酸含量与特征脂肪酸分布特征在浅层（<5m）波动较大,且与深层（5~20m）差异明显;好氧细菌、一般厌氧细菌与革兰氏阳性菌占主要优势,其相对丰度高出深层约一倍.G1位点偏还原环境,其硫酸盐还原菌及其他厌氧细菌的相对丰度与环境胁迫压力（Trans/Cis）均高于G2;与溶氧相关的环境因子,如粒径、深度等是影响其微生物群落组成的关键因子.G2位点水动力条件较强,脂肪酸总量与好氧微生物的相对优势均高于G1,而深层沉积物中总氮、N/P偏低,微生物群落组成主要受碳氮营养源,特别是氮含量的影响.为评估人类活动带来的氮磷污染对湖泊深层微生物的影响提供新的认识.     

南黄海浒苔绿潮暴发区氨基酸时空分布特征

根据南黄海绿潮发展过程将浒苔绿潮区分为35°N以南和35°N以北2个区域,并利用2018年南黄海海域春、夏季2个航次的调查数据研究分析了浒苔绿潮发生前后2个区域总溶解氨基酸（TDAA）、溶解游离氨基酸（DFAA）的分布特征及变化规律.结果表明,TDAA和DFAA的浓度均基本呈现近岸高远岸底的水平分布特点,35°N以南海域夏季相对于春季水体TDAA、DFAA的浓度整体呈现上升趋势,其中TDAA浓度升高程度明显,表、中层TDAA浓度分别升高了24.8%、60.6%,而35°N以北海域水体中TDAA的浓度却降低了8.7%,其中表层水体TDAA含量下降了30.1%.在DIN浓度较低的35°N以北海域,浒苔的吸收利用可能是造成该区域表层水体TDAA含量降低的重要原因.由此可见,35°N以北海域水体氨基酸等小分子有机氮对浒苔绿潮后期的维持发展起着重要的支持作用.     

金属有机骨架HKUST-1对水中微量氨基酸的吸附性能

采用溶剂热法制备金属有机骨架HKUST-1,选取水源水中检出率较高的酪氨酸（Tyr）、苯丙氨酸（Phe）和色氨酸（Trp）为目标物,开展了HKUST-1吸附微量氨基酸性能的研究.利用XRD和FTIR技术对吸附剂HKUST-1进行了表征和分析,通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学的研究探讨HKUST-1吸附氨基酸的机理.结果表明,HKUST-1具有高结晶度,对酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸有较好的去除效果,饱和吸附容量分别可达248.65,143.67,140.09mg/g;吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型和Lagergren准二级动力学模型;吸附热力学结果表明,HKUST-1去除氨基酸的过程为吸热反应;高吸附容量主要归因于静电相互作用、氢键和π-π相互作用.     

活化方式对过硫酸盐强化剩余污泥发酵的影响

对比考察了二价铁（Fe²⁺）、零价铁（ZVI）、超声波（US）3种活化方式对过硫酸盐（S₂O₈^2-）预处理剩余污泥的溶胞性能,并研究其对污泥厌氧发酵产酸进程的促进效能.结果表明,相对比未预处理污泥,S₂O₈^2-能够明显促进剩余污泥溶胞和发酵产酸进程;同时,活化后的S₂O₈^2-预处理效果明显优于未活化预处理实验组,其中S₂O₈^2-+Fe²⁺预处理体系的促进作用最为明显.Fe²⁺、ZVI和US活化S₂O₈^2-的3组溶胞率分别为42.6%、36.5%和32.9%,相比未活化实验组（22.3%）提高了10.6%～20.3%;3组活化体系最大挥发酸浓度分别为8052,6613,4996mg COD/L,而未活化组仅为3296mg COD/L.此外,不同方式活化S₂O₈^2-预处理对溶解性有机物溶出及挥发酸组分分布也有一定影响.从环境和经济角度来看,S₂O₈^2-+Fe²⁺体系对促进污泥发酵进程具有更大意义.