Toluene removal characteristics by a superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor

A superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was used to remove toluene in this study. The effects of oxygen content, gas flow rate, gas initial concentration and with/without catalyst on toluene decomposition were investigated. It was found that an optimal toluene removal was achieved when the oxygen content was about 5%. Under this condition, the highest toluene removal efficiency of 80.8% was achieved when the gas concentration was 80 mg/m^3. The toluene removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the gas flow rate and the initial concentration of toluene. In addition, the ozone concentration decreased with the increase of the initial concentration of toluene. It suggested that combining DBD （dielectric barrier discharge） with Co3O4/Al2O3/foam nickel catalyst in-situ could improve the toluene removal efficiency and suppress ozone formation. Products analysis showed that the main products were CO and CO2 when oxygen was more than 5%.     

Dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil in a greenhouse

The dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil was investigated in the summer and autumn in a greenhouse and field, respectively. The dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-grown soil was comparatively described by fitting the residue data to seven models （lst-order, 1.5th-order, 2nd-order, RF lst-order, RF 1.5th-order, RF 2nd-order, and bi-exponential or two-compartment models）. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 11.5 statistical package. The bi-exponential model was selected as the optimal model according to the coefficient of determination r^2. The dissipation half-lives （DT50） of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil at the recommended dose in the summer and autumn, calculated by the bi-exponential model, were 0.6 and 1.2 d in a greenhouse, 0.4 and 1.0 d in a field, respectively; the corresponding values at double dose were 1.2 and 2.1 d in a greenhouse, 0.5 and 1.3 d in a field, respectively. The kinetic data indicate the dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-grown soil in a greenhouse is slower than that in a field, and dissipates slower in the autumn than in the summer.     

Behavior and control of chlorine in dyestuff residue incineration

Dyestuffresidue, a type of hazardous waste, is incinerated in the tubular furnace, and thermodynamic equilibrium model is used to calculate and analyze the chlorine behavior. The HCI emission and its effects on the behaviors of heavy metals are studied. Meanwhile, the effects of three dechlorine reagents are predicted at a high temperature. Results show that HCI emission is dependent on incineration temperature. The HCl evaporated mainly derives from the organic chlorine. Under the working condition of 500-- 900℃, the main products of rig, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Mn in reaction with HCl are HgCl2 （g）, PbCl4（g）, PbCI2 （g）, （CuCl）3 （g）, NiCl2 （s）, NiCl2 （g）, ZnCl2 （s）, ZnCl2 （g）, Zn （g）, MnCl2 （s）, and MnCl2 （g）, respectively. Among the three dechlorine reagents, CaCO3 is optimal to remove chlorine at high temperature, little of HCl is released below 800℃, whereas Fe3O4 is unstable at high temperature.     

乌梁素海冰盖中微塑料的分布特征及其与盐度、叶绿素a的响应关系

目前关于淡水湖泊冰盖中微塑料的分布特征研究还鲜见报道.为阐明乌梁素海冰盖中微塑料的赋存特征以及其与冰盖盐度、叶绿素a浓度之间的响应关系,通过野外采样、显微镜观察、傅里叶红外光谱测定和相关性分析等方法,对冰封期乌梁素海冰盖中微塑料的丰度、颜色、形状和种类进行鉴定,通过相关性分析探求微塑料在冰盖中的分布特征及其与盐度、叶绿...     

Application of dynamic risk analysis in offshore drilling processes

Process safety is the common global language used to communicate the strategies of hazard identification, risk assessment and safety management. Process safety is identified as an integral part of process development and focuses on preventing and mitigating major process accidents such as fires, explosions, and toxic releases in process industries. Accident probability estimation is the most vital step to all quantitative risk assessment methods. Drilling process for oil is a hazardous operation and hence safety is one of the major concerns and is often measured in terms of risk. Dynamic risk assessment method is meant to reassess risk in terms of updating initial failure probabilities of events and safety barriers, as new information are made available during a specific operation. In this study, a Bayesian network model is developed to represent a well kick scenario. The concept of dynamic environment is incorporated by feeding the real-time failure probability values (observed at different time intervals) of safety barriers to the Bayesian network in order to obtain the corresponding time-dependent variations in kick consequences. This study reveals the importance of real-time monitoring of safety barrier performances and quantitatively shows the effect of deterioration of barrier performance on kick consequence probabilities. The Macondo blowout incident is used to demonstrate how early warnings in barrier probability variations could have been observed and adequately managed to prevent escalation to severe consequences.     

基于云模型的高校消防安全标准化评估研究

为评估高校消防安全标准化程度,明确高校消防安全标准化体系,结合高校消防安全标准化体系的模糊性,将高校消防安全标准化等级划分为5个级别,采用黄金分割法将权重云、评价云划分成5个云模型,建立能够反映高校消防安全标准化等级模糊性的云模型。该模型运用于某高校消防安全标准化等级评估中,评估结果客观合理,实用性较强,为后续标准化提升提供了参考依据。     

锂电池检测的安全标准及安全防护研究

为评估并提高锂电池在使用、储存和运输过程中的安全,本文归纳总结了国内外锂电池安全检测的相关标准,对标准中测试项目异同作了重点分析和对比,并讨论了锂电池的安全风险及风险分级情况。同时,鉴于锂电池检测过程中可能出现的起火、爆炸等危险,探讨了电池检测过程的安全防护技术,并从样品区和试验区两方面提出了安全防护要求和建议。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间企业生产安全风险管理

本文在分析新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间企业安全风险特点的基础上,建立了疫情期间安全风险管理模型,分析了这一特殊时期企业外部变化,以及企业内部人、物、环境、管理变化带来特殊安全风险,提出了针对性的风险管控措施。     

地铁多线换乘车站火灾模型实验研究—(1)模型装置设计

为研究地铁网络化运营枢纽车站火灾烟气扩散特征和防排烟技术,根据工程资料和标准规范对典型多线换乘车站进行1∶10火灾实验模型设计,并依据设计方案完成车站模型主体结构和通风排烟系统的搭建,同时在各个防烟分区设计安装温度、流速、烟气浓度和热辐射测量装置,可实现对“T”形、“十”形和“L”形换乘等不同换乘形式车站的火灾场景模拟和危险参数测量。研究结果表明:该模型装置能够开展一系列针对不同换乘形式和通风模式的火灾实验,对于全面揭示大型换乘车站火灾烟气运动规律、验证并优化火灾防排烟设计方法、支撑复杂结构枢纽车站火灾烟气控制技术具有重要意义。     

多点泄漏对天然气管道沿线压力的影响研究

为研究不同的多点泄漏工况对管道流动参数的影响,基于流动方程建立数学模型,讨论泄漏后压力下降幅值与泄漏位置、泄漏点数的关系,在室内输气环道采集多点泄漏工况下的压力信号并对理论分析结果进行验证。结果表明:泄漏点的上游和下游压力均减小,越靠近泄漏点压力降越大;2个泄漏点之间压力也下降,越靠近上游泄漏点,压力下降幅度越大;泄漏点距起点越近,泄漏引起的压力降低幅值越大。压力下降的幅值受距离起点最近的泄漏点位置影响最大,且随着泄漏点数的增多而增大。