以珠三角地区为例分析实施生态经济战略的重大效益

本文基于第一线调研和多年参政议政工作基础上,对珠三角区域的城市工业生态经济战略实施的过程、途径,可行性、原理及获得的重大效益进行了介绍与总结分析。研究指出,在实践过程中为更快更大规模地把生态经济战略与各地实际发展进程相结合加以推广和实施,则必须具备高度的社会责任感,勇于运用各种机会把生态经济的战略思路和实施策略很好地向社会各层面以及政府部门反映和建言,才能取得最好及更大的成效。     

The trouble with tanks: unsettling dominant Australian urban water management paradigms

Over the course of Australia's Millennium Drought, urban water managers gained more appreciation of householders' willingness and capacities to respond to water shortages and restrictions, including by installing rainwater tanks (RWTs) for watering gardens. How urban water managers regard tanks and tank users gives insight into their understandings of social sustainability, as found in interviews conducted in 2006 and 2010. These also revealed a growing distance between policymakers and water providers pursuing a broader approach to sustainability in their communities. The RWT is considered here as a limit case for paradigms of urban water management: it challenges conventional distinctions (such as provider/consumer) and heralds a new hydropolitics. These challenges are discussed as seven kinds of trouble with tanks: (1) incompatibility with the management model and vision of modernity enshrined in the ideal of centralised provision in control of accredited water experts; (2) anxieties about control and risk aroused by these private on-site facilities and their non-expert users; (3) equivocation over their environmental effects, normally assessed in hydrological terms that downplay the benefits of green streetscapes; (4) inexplicability of their popularity within dominant economically rationalist models of customers; (5) educational effects that exceed rationalist, individualist models of learning and require more socially realistic, culturally intelligent and practice-oriented approaches; (6) generation of enthusiasms that are spurned as threats to rationality instead of harnessed to energise the sustainability journey and (7) community-building effects that are unthinkable within the neoliberal customer paradigm but graspable to water managers through lay concepts like “dinner table conversations”.     

抓住机遇 迎接挑战 协同发展 "天人合一"

论述了中国入世对长江流域可持续发展所带来的影响、机遇和挑战，讨论了可持续发展思想的内涵及影响长江流域可持续发展的重要问题。认为可持续发展思想应包含：当代人要重视发展和持续性，不断提高人群生活质量和资源环境的承载能力，满足当代人的需求又不损害后代人的需求，满足一个地区、国家的需求又不损害别的地区、国家的需求，并努力补救上代人所留下的资源、环境创伤。我们应认识七种要素：人口、资源、环境、经济、社会、知识和文化之间的内在关系，必须协同处理。自然资源是发展的基础。中国开展环境保护工作已有20多年，特别是改革开放以来取得很多进展，目前需对严重环境问题采取更有力的措施。讨论了中国入世后面临的企业、农业、人才资源、高新技术产业、政府管理体制的创新和法制建设等问题，并着重研究了可持续发展文明观、加强绿色管理和绿色产品开发、知识经济和环保产业等关键问题。     

水库水质预测的解析计算

通过对水库恒定时间连续污染源输移扩散特征的分析 ,在其简化条件下求得一维水质模型方程的解析解。结合河道型水库断面几何参数的沿程变化规律 ,给出了 2座水库沿程BOD5浓度分布 ,并分别将解析计算结果与相应水库的一维水质数值模型预测值进行比较 ,沿程BOD5浓度分布吻合良好。 更多还原      

6项环境监测分析方法标准中钴、铬、钼、钛的不确定度分析及其在达标判定中的应用

研究依据测定不确定度的基本理论和ISO 21748：2017《采用重复性、再现性和正确度评估测量不确定度的导则》,提出了基于中国环境监测分析方法标准多家实验室验证中已获得的数据计算合成标准不确定度的方法,将方法标准中规定的重复性、再现性等指标与合成标准不确定度进行了衔接。分析了近年发布的6项水质监测分析方法标准中钴、铬、钼、钛等4种金属元素的相对合成标准不确定度,结果表明：被测量的浓度是影响方法标准测量不确定度的重要因素。对于火焰原子吸收分光光度法（FAAS）和石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法（GAAS）,样品浓度为方法标准测定下限3倍左右时,测定结果的相对标准不确定度可保持在15%以下;对于电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）,样品浓度为方法标准测定下限3~5倍时,测定结果的相对标准不确定度为12%~17%;对于电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）,钛元素浓度为测定下限3倍左右时,相对标准不确定度在15%以下,而钴、铬、钼的浓度在测定下限40~100倍以上时,相对标准不确定度在15%以下。6项方法标准可分别用于《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838—2002）以及22项水污染物排放标准钴、铬、钼、钛的达标监测。     

The untapped potential of preferential trade agreements for climate governance

The regulatory contribution that preferential trade agreements (PTAs) make to global climate governance is assessed through an analysis of climate-related provisions found in 688 PTAs signed between 1947 and 2016. Provisions are analyzed along four dimensions: innovation, legalization, replication, and distribution. Innovative climate provisions are found in several PTAs that are in some cases more specific and enforceable than the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Nonetheless, these climate provisions offer limited progress because they remain weakly ‘legalized’, fail to replicate broadly in the global trade system, and were not adopted by the largest greenhouse gas emitters. Despite the inclusion of innovative climate provisions in a number of PTAs, their poor design and weak replication position them as some of the weakest environmental provisions within PTAs.     

Benefit‐Cost Analysis of Integrated Water Resource Management: Accounting for Interdependence in the Yakima Basin Integrated Plan

Integrated water resource management (IWRM) requires accounting for many interrelated facets of water systems, water uses and stakeholders, and water management activities. The consequence is that project analysis must account for the nonseparability among the component parts of IWRM plans. This article presents a benefit‐cost (B‐C) analysis of a set of projects included in the Yakima Basin Integrated Plan proposed for the Yakima Basin in south‐central Washington State. The analysis accounts for interdependence among proposed water storage projects and between water storage and water market development in the context of historical and more adverse projected future climate scenarios. Focusing on irrigation benefits from storage, we show that the value of a given proposed storage project is lower when other proposed storage projects in the basin are implemented, and when water markets are functioning effectively. We find that none of the water storage projects satisfy a B‐C criterion, and that assuring proposed instream flow augmentation is less expensive by purchasing senior diversion rights than relying on new storage to provide it.     

An Institutional and Opinion Analysis of Colorado’s Hydraulic Fracturing Disclosure Policy

Hydraulic fracturing and oil and natural gas development are possibly the most contentious energy and environmental issues to face the USA in the twenty-first century. One point of contention is the disclosure of fluids used in the hydraulic fracturing process. This paper analyses the Colorado 2011 policy requiring disclosure of hydraulic fracturing fluid information, considered one of the first comprehensive hydraulic fracturing disclosure policies in the country. We conduct an institutional analysis of the disclosure policy to understand how the policy establishes information flows and grants and restricts choices by targeted actors. We then analyse the opinions of people actively involved in hydraulic fracturing debates in Colorado to assess whether they view the disclosure policy as resolving problems. The institutional analysis illustrates how the policy allocates responsibilities in sending and receiving information and the opinion survey shows divergence in perceptions of its potential to resolve problems associated with chemical use or disclosure. Most respondents are in agreement that the new policy failed to build public trust of the hydraulic fracturing process.     

固体试剂快速测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

对亚甲蓝分光光度法进行改进,用固体试剂快速测定水中的阴离子表面活性剂。在最大吸收波长652nm处,阴离子表面活性剂质量浓度为0~2.0m g/L时遵守比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.56×104L/(m o.lcm),检出限为0.03m g/L。该方法用于自来水、河水和工业废水中阴离子表面活性剂的测定,取得了满意结果。环境水样的平均回收率为88.3%~108.0%,相对标准偏差不超过4.67%。     

最优环境工程方案遴选模型的建立与应用

根据层次分析法的原理,建立了遴选最优环境工程方案的层次结构模型。模型兼顾了效益与投资,不仅简化了专家或决策者的判断难度,而且判断结果直观,各方案的优劣对比清晰。给合某啤酒废水治理工程项目,介绍了层次分析模型应用于工程方案遴选中的计算过程。结果表明,应用此模型对环境工程方案进行优选比较科学、简便。