徐州市城市垃圾综合处理系统研究

针对徐州市城市垃圾污染及其处理情况，运用线性回归法对垃圾产生量进行了定量预测，用层次分析法优选了适合于该市的城市垃圾综合处理系统，从而因地制宜地提出了适合于该城市垃圾处理的方案。     

浊点萃取在环境化学方面的应用

浊点萃取（ＣＰＥ）是一种新兴的液－液、液－固萃取方法，通过对该方法的相分离行为，改变实验参数如表面活性剂疏水性，平衡温度及时间、离心时间、ｐＨ值、离子强度、萃取物与表面活性剂浓度、添加剂等研究现状，综述了这一方面的原理、操作及其优化，并以ＰＡＨｓ等１７种有机污染物为例示，详细讨论了这一方法对环境样品的前处理技术，以及用于环境污染的进展，最后，探讨了该技术方法的发展前景。     

基于层次分析法的医疗废物处置技术评价

针对我国目前应用的回转窑焚烧法、热解法、高温蒸汽灭菌法、化学消毒法、微波消毒法这5种医疗废物处置技术进行了分析和比较,并通过层次分析法对这5种方法进行了定量评估和筛选,在此基础上,对最优和次优备选方案排序权重进行了灵敏度分析.结果表明,回转窑焚烧法和热解法是目前我国医疗废物处置应用最广泛的技术;但层次分析法评估结果表明,高温蒸汽灭菌法用于医疗废物处置时在社会、环境、技术和经济4个因素方面综合效益与其他4种方法相比最优,化学消毒法次之;灵敏度分析表明,导致备选方案排序变化的准则层各因素变化点分别为社会因素(0. 2100)、环境因素(0. 3500)、技术因素(0. 1200)、经济因素(0. 2400),子准则层各因素对备选方案权重排序影响较小.     

Using environmental accounts to promote sustainable development: Experience in southern Africa

Environmental accounts bring together economic and environmental information in a common framework to measure the contribution of the environment to the economy and the impact of the economy on the environment. They enable governments to set priorities, monitor economic policies more precisely, enact more effective environmental regulations and resource management strategies, and design more efficient market instruments for environmental policies. This article uses examples from the regional environmental accounting programme in southern Africa to demonstrate the usefulness of environmental accounts to policy-making and natural resource management. The examples address the contribution of natural capital endowments (minerals and fisheries) to sustainable development in Botswana and Namibia; the economic importance of non-market forest goods and services in South Africa; and the socio-economic impact of current water allocation and pricing policies in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. While there are many additional policy applications, these few provide a powerful argument for the use of environmental accounts in all countries.     

A FRAMEWORK FOR QUANTITATIVE SMART GROWTH IN LAND DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: Increasing awareness about the problems brought on by urban sprawl has led to proactive measures to guide future development. Such efforts have largely been grouped under the term “Smart Growth.” Although not widely recognized as such, the “smart” in Smart Growth implies an optimization of some quantity or objective while undertaking new forms of urban development. In this study, we define Smart Growth as that development plan that leads to the optimal value of a precisely defined measure identified by a stakeholder or stakeholders. To illustrate a formal, quantitative framework for Smart Growth, this study develops definitions of optimal development from the perspectives of four different types of stakeholders: a government planner, a land developer, a hydrologist, and a conservationist subject to certain development constraints. Four different objective functions are posed that are consistent with each of these stakeholders’perspectives. We illustrate the differences in consequences on future development given these different objective functions in a stylized representation for Montgomery County, Maryland. Solutions to Smart Growth from the individual perspectives vary considerably. Tradeoff tables are presented that illustrate the consequences experienced by each stakeholder depending on the viewpoint that has been optimized. Although couched in the context of an illustrative example, this study emphasizes the need to apply rigorous, quantitative tools in a meaningful framework to address Smart Growth. The result is a tool that a range of parties can use to plan future development in ways that are environmentally and fiscally responsible and economically viable.     

新世纪WTO与外向型经济下的区际资源优化--以山东省为例

为缓解加入WTO对我国农业带来的冲击,顺利实现外向型农业经济的转变,以山东省为例,借助Mapinfo 6.5和SPSSV 10.0软件分别从宏观总量和微观效率两个层次对1999年山东省17个市(地)的农业状况进行了差异分析,根据比较优势原理提出了区域资源区际优化的解决思路和对策,为今后我国区域农业发展提供借鉴.     

Stepwise superposition approximation approach for analytical solutions with non-zero initial concentration using existing solutions of zero initial concentration in contaminate transport

Analytical solutions for contaminant transport are widely used for both theoretical and practical purposes. However, many existing solutions are obtained subject to an initial condition of zero concentration, which is often unrealistic in many practical cases. This article proposed a stepwise superposition approximation approach to solve the non-zero initial concentration problem for first-type and third-type boundary conditions by using the existing zero initial concentration solution. Theoretical examples showed that the approach was highly efficient if a proper superposition scheme with relative concentration increments was constructed. The key parameter that controlled the convergence speed was the time increment (Δt) multiplied by the rate constant ( ). The approach served also as an alternative way to make a convenient concentration calculation even if the non-zero initial concentration solution of a problem was known.     

铅冶炼污染防治最佳可行技术筛选研究

分析了国外铅冶炼污染防治的相关政策、欧盟铅冶炼污染防治的最佳可行技术和我国铅冶炼技术现状,并应用层次分析-模糊综合评判法对铅冶炼污染防治技术进行筛选,利用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重,利用模糊综合评判法进行铅冶炼污染防治技术的评价,通过评价提出铅冶炼污染防治的最佳可行技术工艺组合。     

农村劳动力转移与农户间林地流转——基于浙江省两个县(市)调查的研究

论文从理论上分析了农村劳动力转移对农户间林地要素流转的作用机制,并运用计量经济学方法和223个农户的调查数据进行了实证检验。得出如下主要结论:农村剩余劳动力的转移对农户林地流出具有显著的促进作用;对农户的林地流入具有限制作用,但是在农村剩余劳动力大量存在的前提下,这种作用并不显著;同时也发现我国当前的林业生产存在一定程度的规模经济;林地仍然承担部分农户的生计保障功能。这将对林区政策的制定具有一定的启示。     

Assessing the dynamic efficiency of internal mitigation projects. An evolutionary perspective

Internal mitigation projects have recently been proposed as an additional flexibility mechanism, particularly in the context of the European Union. Their main objective is to engage sectors not included in the European Union emissions trading scheme (EU ETS) in cost-effective emissions reductions. However, in this paper it is argued that, when assessed in terms of dynamic efficiency, the instrument is likely to be, at best, irrelevant to induce the scale of systemic technological changes which are required to tackle the climate change problem and, at worst, detrimental for this task. Insights from the Evolutionary Economics of technological change complemented with political economy considerations are used to support this claim.