IAHP法在公路施工环境综合评价中的应用研究

深入分析了公路施工对其域内生态环境、自然环境和社会环境的各种不利影响.建立了评价分析用层次模型,利用IAHP法对公路工程施工期环境影响进行了综合评价.实例表明：IAHP法克服了原AHP法（1/9,9）标度重要排序过程的不确定性以及权值计算和一致性检验的复杂性,具有直观、简捷的特点,能为多种环境影响综合评价所借鉴.     

月湖近代生物硅沉积测定与营养演化的动态过程

在综合了国内外实验方法基础上,完善了湖泊沉积生物硅实验室测定方法.利用此方法,首次对一富营养化小型浅水湖泊--武汉市汉阳区月湖进行了2个柱状沉积物的生物硅含量测试.结果表明,生物硅可以反映月湖的营养演化的动态过程,130 a前,湖泊受到的环境压力为轻;20世纪初期,月湖生物硅沉积缓慢上升,为水体富营养化开始发生时间;20世纪30年代至50年代,月湖已成为一富营养化湖泊;20世纪60年代至80年代,月湖水质持续恶化;20世纪80年代至月湖清淤前这段时期入湖污水增多,这加速了生物硅的沉积,正是这段时期使月湖最终沦为劣五类水质的湖泊.     

跨区资源调配工程的区域利益关系探讨——以西电东送南通道为例

目前,我国跨区资源调配工程双方的区域利益关系尚未完全理顺,区域利益矛盾存在并有进一步激化的可能。西电东送南通道双方在价格水平与增长趋势、送电曲线和生态补偿等方面存在较大分歧,当前的资源交易与区域利益分配模式存在不合理的因素。西电东送的特殊性需要由市场和政府共同承担协调区域利益关系的任务,市场化是西电东送的必然取向,但政府应在体现西电东送综合效益、潜在效益和隐性效益及促进区域协调发展等方面发挥作用。     

生物质液化燃油的工业适用性及安全性探讨

简要介绍了中国石油安全面临的问题及其对国家经济可持续发展的可能影响;一般生物燃油的用途、物理性能指标、主要元素含量及其与石化轻油、重油同类指标的对比;论述了生物燃油的工业适用性、安全性和环保性;探讨了生物燃油的生产成本、市场销售预测、生产设备造价、产业化开发的经济收益以及农林剩余物资源潜力和产业化开发可能创造的就业机会等问题。     

Agricultural Biotechnology and the Future Benefits Argument

In the face of criticisms about the current generationof agricultural biotechnology products, some proponents ofagricultural biotechnology offer a ``future benefitsargument'(FBA), which is a utilitarian ethical argument thatattempts to justify continued R&D. This paper analyzes severallogical implications of the FBA. Among these are that acceptanceof the FBA implies (1) acceptance of a precautionary approach torisk, (2) the need for a more proportional and equitabledistribution of the benefits of agricultural biotechnology, andmost important, (3) the need to reorient and restructurebiotechnology R&D institutions (and the agriculturalbiotechnology community's values and attitudes) so that futurebenefits are indeed achieved through agricultural biotechnology.     

环境空气中短链氯化石蜡研究进展

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是碳链长度为10至13个碳原子的正构烷烃氯代衍生物。SCCPs具有持久性、生物累积性、长距离迁移能力、以及毒性作用。SCCPs已被《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》增列为持久性有机污染物审查范围内,引起了全球关注。SCCPs在环境各介质及生物体内均有检出,近年来,在室内空气和灰尘中也检出了大量SCCPs,其已成为人体暴露的一个重要来源。本文就大气环境及室内空气与灰尘中氯化石蜡(CPs)的采样与分析方法、污染水平与来源,及人体暴露概况进行了综合阐释,以期为我国大气和室内环境中CPs的研究工作提供参考。     

Quantitative SWOT analysis for prioritizing ecotourism-planning decisions in protected areas: Igneada case

As environmental problems and pressures on natural resources escalate, awareness building and efforts to protect natural areas have also became a major goal to ensure sustainability. Ecotourism is one of the major activities to protect natural and cultural resources, while also providing economic benefits to both local people and government. Successful ecotourism planning is a function of establishing sound goals and criteria. In this paper, we have presented the example of Igneada, Turkey, as a case to elaborate this point. Igneada a coastal town, located on the north-west Black Sea region of Turkey, was declared a national park in 2007. The park is well known for its longos forests (flooded), lagoons, endemic and endangered species, and wildlife. However, currently, unsustainable economic activities, overgrazing, and urbanization cause threats to its sensitive ecosystems. Promoting ecotourism is a sustainable approach to balance economic, social, and environmental aspects in the development of Igneada.

The aim of this study is to define a set of ecotourism criteria and propose an ecotourism vision for Igneada. The methodology in this research involves field observations and a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis with an Analytical Hierarchy Process. A survey study is conducted with both local people and experts to define a framework to generate a priority ranking for ecotourism-planning decision. The research generated 5 main criteria and 14 subcriteria, among which ‘Proposal of Igneada in Turkey’s 2023 Tourism Strategy Plan’ was the highest ranked opportunity for ecotourism planning and development in the town.     

基于遥感的层次分析法和模糊数学模型综合评价森林资源生态适宜性

论文选取2000、2006年时相相近的TM遥感影像作为山东黄河流域的基本数据源,采用监督分类法、专家分类法进行森林资源的分类和验证,运用层次分析和模糊数学法建立森林资源生态适宜性综合评价模型。结果表明,流域的森林资源分布极不均匀,济南、泰安、莱芜的森林覆盖率超过30%,其它地市只有15%。森林资源生态适宜性方面,泰安市优,济南市和莱芜市良,淄博市、滨州市、菏泽市、东营市和德州市中等,济宁市和聊城市较差。6 a间,泰安市的森林资源生态适宜性评价由良好到优秀,济南市和莱芜市的评价得分值虽然都较高,但是,济南市朝好的方向发展,相反,莱芜市的得分值不升反降。淄博市、滨州市、菏泽市、东营市和德州市的得分值虽然没有达到良好标准,但其变好的趋势非常明显,济宁市和聊城市相对较差。     

Can irrational behaviour maximise fitness?

Behavioural models for both humans and other animals often assume economic rationality on the part of decision makers. Economic rationality supposes that outcomes can be assigned objective values within a stable valuation framework and that choices are made to maximise a decision maker’s expected payoff. Yet, both human and animal behaviour is often not economically rational. Here, we compare economically rational making strategies with a strategy (trade-off contrasts) that has been proposed to account for decision-making behaviour in humans that departs of axiomatic rationality. We model the fitness of these strategies in a simple environment where choices are made on repeated occasions, there is stochastic fluctuation in the choices available at any given time, and uncertainty about what choices will be available in the future. Our results show that, for at least some of the model parameter space, non-rational decision strategies achieve higher fitness than economically rational strategies. The differences were comparable in magnitude to selection differentials observed in nature.     

生态补偿过程动态演化机制及其稳定策略研究

生态补偿是通过调节相关方的利益关系,实现可持续利用生态系统服务的一种手段或制度安排。论文从微观维度对生态补偿问题进行研究,将生态补偿利益群体分为实施群和受益群,建立非对称演化博弈模型,分析各群体利益关系的复制动态、演化稳定策略和演化博弈系统的稳定性。结果表明:在"举报惩罚"制度存在的情况下,两群体间的演化博弈存在唯一的稳定均衡策略(保护、补偿),即实施群选择"保护"策略,受益群选择"补偿"策略,其中实施群决策主导系统稳定性;利益群体各决策选择的比重是稳定均衡策略的重要影响因素,增加实施群和受益群选择"保护"和"补偿"策略的比重,可加快稳定均衡策略的有效形成。