热电联产的效益与总量控制

介绍了热电联产的基本类型和一般规划原则,分析了热电联产规划为社会、经济及环境带来的效益,论证了热电联产是城市能源、环境协调发展的必由之路。通过SO2总量排放的分析,导出热电联产与分散供热能源利用方式所产生SO2排放总量的比较方法和计算模式。     

农村合作经济组织发展的制度分析

农村合作经济组织是将农民组织起来进入市场、参与竞争的桥梁和纽带,是新时期推动农村经济发展和提高农民收入的重要因素之一。在制度层面运用新制度经济学理论从实现土地规模经营、节约市场交易费用和维护农民利益等三方面分析了合作组织发育的需求诱致性动因;接着从制度环境状况、现有社会科学知识的积累、现存的制度安排、组织的制度变迁成本、非正式制度安排等外部制度供给方面以及产权和组织制度等组织内部制度方面分析了其存在的缺陷;最后提出了推动合作组织发展的政策建议：其一,只要是以“三农”服务为宗旨,政府在政策上都应允许和指导合作组织灵活地创新产权制度、因地制宜地进行多种形式的组织创新;其二,政府要力所能及地为合作组织提供一些制度服务。     

湖南道县后江桥铁锰铅锌矿区水文地质条件分析及涌水量预测研究

矿坑突涌水在矿体开采过程中经常出现,严重制约了矿产资源的开发利用,有时也威胁到矿区附近人民生命财产安全。因此,如何有效开展矿区涌水量预测成为保证矿区安全开采所面临的关键问题。通过对湖南道县铁锰铅锌矿区水文地质条件研究分析,采用解析法对矿区涌水量进行了预测评价,为矿区开采方案制定提供依据。     

基于BP神经网络的绿色建筑评价

绿色建筑是指在建筑的全寿命周期内,最大限度地节约资源,保护环境和减少污染,为人们提供健康、适用和高效的使用空间,与自然和谐共生。根据绿色建筑的特点,确立绿色建筑评价指标体系,并运用管理理论中的层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价方法(Fuzzy),提出了人工神经网络(ANN)评价模型。评估结果表明,该评价体系用于绿色建筑等级综合评价是快速、有效的。     

电力企业安全生产党政责任指标体系构建及量化研究

根据“党政同责、一岗双责、失职追责”的安全生产责任落实要求,为了划清电力企业行政正职与党组织负责人安全生产责任,分析电力企业安全生产责任研究现状,结合电力行业特点,设计电力企业党政安全生产责任指标体系,应用层次分析法确定责任体系指标权重。结果表明:以电力企业党政安全生产责任指标体系为基础得到的党政责任权重并不相同,行政正职所占权重明显大于党组织负责人,其中,安全宣传教育活动全员参与率为党组织负责人责任落实首要指标,重特大生产安全事故发生情况为行政正职最重要的指标。应通过明确党政安全生产责任侧重点,实现权责对等,达到同责要求。     

Quantitative SWOT analysis for prioritizing ecotourism-planning decisions in protected areas: Igneada case

As environmental problems and pressures on natural resources escalate, awareness building and efforts to protect natural areas have also became a major goal to ensure sustainability. Ecotourism is one of the major activities to protect natural and cultural resources, while also providing economic benefits to both local people and government. Successful ecotourism planning is a function of establishing sound goals and criteria. In this paper, we have presented the example of Igneada, Turkey, as a case to elaborate this point. Igneada a coastal town, located on the north-west Black Sea region of Turkey, was declared a national park in 2007. The park is well known for its longos forests (flooded), lagoons, endemic and endangered species, and wildlife. However, currently, unsustainable economic activities, overgrazing, and urbanization cause threats to its sensitive ecosystems. Promoting ecotourism is a sustainable approach to balance economic, social, and environmental aspects in the development of Igneada.

The aim of this study is to define a set of ecotourism criteria and propose an ecotourism vision for Igneada. The methodology in this research involves field observations and a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis with an Analytical Hierarchy Process. A survey study is conducted with both local people and experts to define a framework to generate a priority ranking for ecotourism-planning decision. The research generated 5 main criteria and 14 subcriteria, among which ‘Proposal of Igneada in Turkey’s 2023 Tourism Strategy Plan’ was the highest ranked opportunity for ecotourism planning and development in the town.     

环境空气中短链氯化石蜡研究进展

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是碳链长度为10至13个碳原子的正构烷烃氯代衍生物。SCCPs具有持久性、生物累积性、长距离迁移能力、以及毒性作用。SCCPs已被《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》增列为持久性有机污染物审查范围内,引起了全球关注。SCCPs在环境各介质及生物体内均有检出,近年来,在室内空气和灰尘中也检出了大量SCCPs,其已成为人体暴露的一个重要来源。本文就大气环境及室内空气与灰尘中氯化石蜡(CPs)的采样与分析方法、污染水平与来源,及人体暴露概况进行了综合阐释,以期为我国大气和室内环境中CPs的研究工作提供参考。     

Adapting participatory processes to fine-tune conservation approaches in multiactor decision settings

Conservation decisions are typically made in complex, dynamic, and uncertain settings, where multiple actors raise diverse and potentially conflicting claims, champion different and sometimes contradictory values, and enjoy varying degrees of freedom and power to act and influence collective decisions. Therefore, effective conservation actions require conservation scientists and practitioners to take into account the complexity of multiactor settings. We devised a framework to help conservation biologists and practitioners in this task. Institutional economic theories, which are insufficiently cited in the conservation literature, contain useful insights for conservation. Among these theories, the economies of worth can significantly contribute to conservation because it can be used to classify the types of values peoples or groups refer to when they interact during the elaboration and implementation of conservation projects. Refining this approach, we designed a framework to help conservation professionals grasp the relevant differences among settings in which decisions related to conservation actions are to be made, so that they can adapt their approaches to the features of the settings they encounter. This framework distinguishes 6 types of agreements and disagreements that can occur between actors involved in a conservation project (harmony, stricto sensu arrangement, deliberated arrangement, unilateral and reciprocal compromise, and locked-in), depending on whether they disagree on values or on their applications and on whether they can converge toward common values by working together. We identified key questions that conservationists should answer to adapt their strategy to the disagreements they encounter and identified relevant participatory processes to complete the adaptation.     

IAHP法在公路施工环境综合评价中的应用研究

深入分析了公路施工对其域内生态环境、自然环境和社会环境的各种不利影响.建立了评价分析用层次模型,利用IAHP法对公路工程施工期环境影响进行了综合评价.实例表明：IAHP法克服了原AHP法（1/9,9）标度重要排序过程的不确定性以及权值计算和一致性检验的复杂性,具有直观、简捷的特点,能为多种环境影响综合评价所借鉴.     

工业企业电气安全评价方法研究

针对现行电气安全评价方法存在的不足,提出了工业企业电气安全模糊综合评价方法.依据事故理论的综合论观点,建立了多层次电气安全评价因素体系;采用定性与定量相结合的层次分析法(AHP)确定评价因素的权重;采用隶属频率统计法确定单因素隶属度;最后应用多层次模糊综合评判模型合成评价结果,并使用安全等级特征量对模糊综合评价结果进行处理,得出工业企业电气系统的安全等级.结果表明,将模糊综合评价方法引入工业企业电气安全现状评价具有一定的现实意义,克服了现行评价方法不够全面或不够定量的缺点;安全等级模糊特征量是处理模糊综合评价结果更优化的方法;该评价方法紧密结合企业现状,可在一般工业企业的电气安全评价中广泛应用,其配套评价软件更为企业安全管理部门和安全评价机构提供了便捷的应用工具.