睢宁县农业循环经济发展浅析

循环农业发展是我国农业发展的根本出路,以江苏省睢宁县循环农业发展为例,深入分析了睢宁县循环农业发展概况,以及发展循环农业的资源优势和产业优势,探讨了睢宁县发展循环农业的制约因素,针对睢宁县农业发展的现状特征,依据循环经济理论,有针对性地提出了发展睢宁县循环农业的主要思路和方法。     

试论重庆市农业与生态环境协调发展

重庆市是我国农村面积最广、农业比重最大和农业贫困人口最多的直辖市。维护好该市的农村生态环境，解决好农业发展问题，不仅对重庆市社会经济的持续发展有着十分重要的意义，而且对确保三峡工程的安全运行、促进长江中下游地区的可持续发展同样具有十分重要的作用。在分析重庆市农业生产特点和农村生态环境现状的基础上，指出该市农村生态环境建设与农业协调发展面I临的主要问题有：尖锐的人地矛盾；巨大的移民和脱贫压力；频繁的自然灾害。提出该市农业和生态环境协调发展的对策：通过发展特色经济，优化产业结构；发展生态农业，实现农业资源的可持续利用；把退耕还林与扶贫开发、自然保护区建设相结合，确保生态环境的建设与保护；将移民搬迁与地质灾害整治、库区周边湿地的保护与利用结合起来，加强抵御自然灾害的能力建设。     

都市农业发展的功能定位体系研究

中国城市化进程加速迫切需要人们重新认识农业发展的特点与作用。20世纪80年兴起的都市农业变传统农业单一生产模式向多功能化发展。它有助于在城市社会来临之际,重新对农业进行定位,为城乡协调发展提供途径。鉴于我国都市农业发展急需理论指导,本文从都市农业相关的学科背景出发,详细评述和总结了各学科对都市农业价值功能的认识,提出了要从社会、经济、环境和空间的综合系统对都市农业发展进行定位。并建议应遵循整体功能的阶段性和适宜的发展形式,推动我国都市农业的发展。要注意发挥和协调各功能间的相互作用与演进,将都市农业纳入到城乡统筹规划之中。     

上海市休闲农业布局及影响因素分析

休闲农业是上海市都市现代农业规划的重要部分。采用上海市农业委员会公布的122个休闲农业景点及土地利用数据,综合运用GIS及计量地理方法,包括:最邻近指数、地理集中指数;土地利用多样化指数、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数;灰色关联分析和OLS分析等,对上海市休闲农业布局及影响因素进行探究。结果表明:(1)上海市休闲农业景点最邻近指数为0.673 8,分布模式为凝聚型,景点分布地理集中指数为42.31,集中程度较高;(2)上海市休闲农业土地利用多样化指数分布在0.2~0.7之间,区县间休闲农业用地多样化程度差异较大,休闲农业土地利用基尼系数为0.558 2,休闲农业用地在区县间分布不均衡;(3)农业资源、交通条件对休闲农业布局有显著的积极影响,旅游业发展对休闲农业布局有显著的消极影响。     

“The Lucky country”? A critical exploration of community gardens and city–community relations in Australian cities

Urban agriculture (UA) has the potential to expand beyond the grassroots level to meet the social, cultural, economic and food needs of urban dwellers. At its core, UA represents an alternative use of urban space that occurs with or without government support or approval. The experiences of community gardeners and their views of, and engagement in, community gardens as a form of UA, or local “alternative food networks”, is a focal point of this paper. Relying on Australian city case studies, this paper explores community gardens, using critical urban approaches concerning “rights to the city” and diverse economies. Findings from this study reveal how community gardeners understand and participate in diverse economies and extended local food networks. They also identify respondents’ views of local councils as barriers to the emergence of community gardens, and other forms of UA, as a local response to growing concerns over impacts of the global food chain on food security. In contrast to other Western cities, effective city–community relations for community garden growth have yet to emerge in Australian cities, as key policy areas for urban sustainability and social cohesion.     

Farm‐level Economic and Water Quality Impacts of Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan Implementation in the Ohio River Basin

In this article, we provide an assessment of comprehensive nutrient management plans (CNMPs) as a tool for addressing nonpoint nutrient and sediment losses from the animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the Ohio River Basin. We employ a macro modeling system to determine the aggregate economic and water quality impacts of CNMP implementation on AFOs in the entire basin. Results of the study indicate that implementing CNMPs on AFOs will help reduce sediment and organic nutrient losses from their current levels at moderate cost. The flexibility inherent in CNMP designs means farmers may be able to achieve water quality and other conservation goals at less cost with CNMPs than with other less flexible policy options.     

低碳经济下的秦皇岛休闲农业发展研究

秦皇岛市作为休闲度假旅游胜地,在实施＂旅游立市＂发展战略中把休闲农业作为一个新的经济增长点,在应对低碳时代的发展要求、发展休闲农业方面做出积极实践。通过分析低碳经济下发展休闲农业的必要性和秦皇岛休闲农业的发展现状,提出秦皇岛休闲农业发展的对策和路径选择。     

Connecting environmental management and farm household livelihoods: The Rural Environment Protection Scheme in Ireland

This paper presents the relationship between an environmental protection scheme, established in Ireland in 1994 under EU Regulation No. 2078/92, and the livelihoods of Irish farm households. It explores this relationship within the framework of the new policy environment for EU agriculture and rural areas as set out in Agenda 2000. At the centre of this new policy environment is the European model for agriculture, embodying the concept of multifunctionality, which recognizes the pivotal position of an evolving agricultural sector in enhancing the viability of rural areas through broadening the assets of farm families. Research undertaken with farm households in the west of Ireland indicates a positive relationship between the Rural Environmental Protection Scheme and the economic and natural assets upon which they build their livelihoods. The case of a small-scale dairy farm household is presented, showing clearly the positive impact of the scheme, while also highlighting the vulnerability of these improvements. A major challenge facing policy-makers is the extent to which acceptable levels of income and an enhanced natural environment on such farms can be sustained. The position of advisory and research institutions in strengthening human capacities on farms is highlighted and their enhanced role is suggested in order to give meaning to multifunctional and sustainable agriculture within the context of rural area viability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山西太原都市型现代农业主导产业选择分析

都市型现代农业是我国现代农业的重要表现形式.积极发展都市型现代农业,是大城市现代农业发展的战略取向.然而,在都市农业发展的进程中,主导产业具有极其重要的作用.本文简要回顾了以往的主导产业理论与选择基准,运用区位商法与显示性对称比较优势指数法分析了太原市农业结构内部各行业的比较优势.结果表明:农业的优势区域是尖草坪区、清徐县和小店区;林业在迎泽区、杏花岭区和娄烦县的比较优势明显;种植业在杏花岭区、阳曲县、迎泽区等区县比较优势明显;渔业的生产优势区域为娄烦县、晋源区和迎泽区.籍此,结合太原市的资源禀赋、区位条件等优势,积极选择与识别能够带动太原都市农业快速发展的主导产业,并且结合太原农业发展的现实情况,按照观光休闲农业圈、特色种养农业圈、科技示范农业圈及合作辐射农业圈四个圈层进行合理布局,这是新时期该地区进行产业结构调整与优化、制定产业发展政策及区域经济发展战略规划的重要任务.     

阜康市休闲农业资源定量评价初探

休闲农业资源评价是休闲农业规划与设计的基础工作。本文采用层次分析法,构建了包括资源条件、开发条件、旅游条件三方面的休闲农业资源定量评价模型并计算分析相应权重,最后选取同属乌鲁木齐都市圈中间层的呼图壁县、昌吉市和五家渠市进行评价研究。通过分析和计算得出:资源条件因素权重最大为0.7306,其次是开发条件因素为0.1884,最后是旅游条件因素为0.0810;呼图壁县、昌吉市、五家渠市和阜康市休闲农业开发总得分分别为67.8、84.7、78.4、82.4,阜康市居第二位,开发潜力大。阜康市农业资源丰富,交通便捷,区位条件优良,经济和旅游业发展较快,具备发展休闲观光农业的优势。