Tessaria absinthioides: a possible bio‐monitor for Cd,Pb, and Cu,in the middle and lower basin of the loa river,North Chile

Some ecotoxic metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cu in Tessaria absinthioides were quantified to study its possible use as a bio‐indicator and/or bio‐monitor of these metals. This plant was chosen for its abundance in the area under study, along Chile and even in southern Latin America. For Cd, Pb, and Cu in all three parts of the plant (leaves, stems and roots) a different concentration pattern in each sampling areas was observed. In sampling areas Coya Sur and La Cascada copper and cadmium concentration decrease in order: leaves > roots > stems. In samples collected in Xalquincha the lowest concentrations of Cd and Pb were observed in stems. A maximum of cadmium concentration (9ug/gd.w. in leaves) was found in samples from La Cascada, a inflow to river Loa in Calama. High concentrations of lead were found in roots and leaves. Collected data demonstrate that the main pathway for cadmium is from ground water via roots into the plant. Some data obtained for lead and copper indicate that the influence of dust particles adsorbed on leaves and stems can be higher than uptake from ground water.     

有机着色铝合金阳极氧化膜耐光性快速评价方法

为了建立一种快速评价有机染料着色的铝合金阳极氧化膜耐光性的方法,用于工厂生产工艺质量控制,对比研究了阳极氧化膜实验室光老化试验和户外暴露试验的颜色变化结果．建立了综合色差和试验时间的线性回归方程．并利用付利叶红外光谱仪证实氧化膜内有机染料在实验室光老化和户外暴露试验中的变化机理是一致的．该光老化试验方法能很好地模拟氧化膜在户外暴露的变色行为。     

电化学微传感器检测水中痕量铜离子

为改善微电极在阳极溶出伏安法检测重金属离子过程中低电流响应和低电催化能力的缺点,提出了一种在碳纤维微电极表面合成还原氧化石墨烯/纳米金材料制得还原氧化石墨烯纳米金修饰碳纤维微电极（rGO/AuNPs CFMEs）的方法.通过SEM表征,所制备的rGO/AuNPs CFMEs具有比表面积高、吸附能力强和催化活性好的特点,因此改性微电极适合作为方波阳极溶出伏安法（SWASV）测定水中铜离子（Cu²⁺）的工作电极.在构建微传感器测试水中痕量铜离子系统后,对pH值、电导率、富集时间和富集电位等检测条件进行了优化.在pH值为4,电导率为36.1S/m,富集时间为360s,富集电位为-1.2V的最佳条件下,铜的线性范围和检出限分别0~1.0μmol/L和2.4nmol/L.此外,微传感器的可重复性、长期稳定性以及选择性也得到了验证.     

COS,CS2 and SO2 in aluminium smelter exhaust

Measurements of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbondisulfide (CS₂) were carried out on samples drawn from a smoke stack of an aluminium smelter. Volume mixing ratios of 6 ppm COS and 0.1 ppm CS₂ were measured for gases from the electrolysis unit that had previously passed an Al₂O₃ fluid bed reactor and electrostatic precipitators. Specific emissions of 1.6 kg COS and 0.03 kg CS₂ per ton of primary aluminium were found. Extrapolating from this particular smelter’s conditions to a world mix specific COS emissions of about 4 kg/t(Al) are calculated resulting in emissions of annually 0.08 Tg COS into the atmosphere due to electrolytic aluminium production in 1995. Besides the photochemical conversion of anthropogenic CS₂ aluminium production is established to be the second major industrial source of COS probably exceeding automotive tire wear’s and coal combustion’s contributions.     

碳纤维束汞膜电极法测定汽车尾气中的铅

介绍了碳纤维束汞膜微电极的制作过程,研究此电极的伏安特性,用阳极溶出伏安法测定汽车尾气中的铅含量,确定适宜的实验条件,该法简便,快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,检出限为０．１ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１,线性范围１．０－２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ＾－１,相对标准偏差９．４％。     

转盘式光催化燃料电池处理染料废水

采用阳极氧化法制备转盘式TiO_2阳极,设计并开发了转盘式光催化燃料电池(PFC),探讨了圆盘转速对PFC中染料降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:随着圆盘转速的提高,污染物和光电界面反应产物的传质作用得以强化,罗丹明B降解率提高;在圆盘转速为1 600 r/min、反应时间为60 min的条件下,罗丹明B降解率达90.8%,是圆盘转速为0 r/min时的8.5倍;光电流也随着圆盘转速的提高而提高,但提高幅度远小于罗丹明B降解率的提高幅度;同时,加强传质作用后再外加电压对PFC催化降解性能的提高作用有限。     

Electrochemical incineration of dimethyl phthalate by anodic oxidation with boron-doped diamond electrode

The anodic oxidation of aqueous solutions containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) up to 125 mg/L with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as supporting electrolyte within the pH range 2.0–10.0 was studied using a one-compartment batch reactor employing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode. Electrolyses were carried out at constant current density (1.5–4.5 mA/cm2). Complete mineralization was always achieved owing to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical (.OH) generated at the BDD surface. The e ects of pH, apparent current density and initial DMP concentration on the degradation rate of DMP, the specific charge required for its total mineralization and mineralization current e ciency were investigated systematically. The mineralization rate of DMP was found to be pH-independent and to increase with increasing applied current density. Results indicated that this electrochemical process was subjected, at least partially, to the mass transfer of organics onto the BDD surface. Kinetic analysis of the temporal change of DMP concentration during electrolysis determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed that DMP decay under all tested conditions followed a pseudo first-order reaction. Aromatic intermediates and generated carboxylic acids were identified by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and a general pathway for the electrochemical incineration of DMP on BDD was proposed.     

聚拉莫三嗪/铋膜修饰电极的电化学行为及分析应用

研究了拉莫三嗪在玻碳电极上的电化学修饰及其修饰电极的电化学行为.在H2SO4介质中,采用循环伏安法制备了聚拉莫三嗪膜修饰玻碳电极(PLTG/GCE),并对修饰层进行了表征;同时研究了用同位镀铋的方法,制得聚拉莫三嗪/铋膜修饰电极(PLTG/Bi/GCE).实验结果表明,铅在聚拉莫三嗪/铋膜修饰电极上可得到灵敏的阳极溶出峰.在最佳实验条件下,Pb2+浓度与其峰电流在4.8×10-8—1.6×10-6mol.L-1范围内呈良好的线性,线性关系为R=0.9979,检测限为8.1×10-9mol.L-1.应用于实际水样中Pb2+的测定,结果满意.     

天然海水中碳钢缓蚀剂吸附和阳极脱附行为的研究

以锌盐、葡萄糖酸盐为主要缓蚀成分复配的适用于天然海水中碳钢的高效缓蚀剂,采用极化曲线、循环伏安曲线和交流阻抗谱图分析了该缓蚀剂的阳极脱附行为.结果表明,碳钢在海水中的零电荷电位约为-0.6 V;缓蚀剂的吸附电位区间为-0.5～-0.8 V,缓蚀剂在该区间内存在特性吸附.当阳极极化电位超过-0.45 V时,极化电流迅速增大,缓蚀剂因发生大量脱附而失去对阳极过程的控制.     

阳极氧化在铝合金表面粘接技术中的应用综述

铝及其合金以优良的特性而被广泛地应用于建筑、交通、机械制造等领域,作为结构材料需要进行粘接的场合也越来越多。铝合金构件在粘接前需进行表面预处理以提高其表面的粘接性能。介绍了阳极氧化在改善铝合金表面粘接性能方面的应用,并对其特点、成膜机理、膜层结构及粘接性能等进行了综述。