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41.
Kenneth R. Krach Benjamin R. Burns Baikun Li Alison Shuler Charles Cole Yuefeng Xie 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(3-4):369-378
Over three million dry metric tons of biosolids produced in the United States are land applied as Class B. Lime stabilization
is employed for biosolids treatment at approximately 20% of the wastewater treatment plants because it is a simple and inexpensive
process. During lime stabilization, the pH of sewage sludge is raised above 12 for pathogen inactivation and odor reduction.
Lime dose and mixing have been found to greatly reduce odor generation from lime stabilized biosolids. A better quality biosolids
product is less likely to create public opposition to land application programs. In this study, land application tests using
Class B biosolids were conducted in order to determine whether better mixing can reduce odor generation during the land application
of lime stabilized biosolids. The mixing quality of a treatment plant’s lime stabilized biosolids was improved by relocating
the lime addition point, which prolonged the mixing time and produced a better mixed biosolids product. Based on field observations
of land application, the poorly mixed biosolids were more odorous and offensive prior to incorporation. However, once incorporated
into the soil, there was no appreciable odor difference between the biosolids. Another land application study was conducted
to assess the odor of unincorporated Class A biosolids and compare it with incorporated Class A biosolids with the soil. 相似文献
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袋式除尘器的发展及其在燃煤电厂的应用前景 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
在比较国内外烟尘排放标准的基础上,综述我国袋式除尘技术的发展过程;介绍国外袋式除尘器的应用经验以及国内的差距;提出我国燃煤电厂选择袋多除尘器的必要性、可行性及袋式除尘技术的应用前景。 相似文献
47.
Acidic bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the use of controlled bio-acidification prior to land application as a
decontamination process to remove heavy metals from sludge. The sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were naturally available in the
sludge samples and were activated by providing sulfur and aeration at 28°C–30°C. Activation resulted in bio-acidification
to pH 2 within 5–11 days. Successive inoculation of fresh sludges with 5% acidified samples reduced the acidification time
to 2–3 days in most samples. Bio-acidification resulted in dissolving significant quantities of heavy metals from all sludge
types tested. The maximum solubilization results were: 86%–97% for Ni; 48%–98% for Pb; 26%–71% for Cr; 18%–91% for Zn; 16%–90%
for Cu; 7%–60% for Cd. Limited metal solubilization results were observed in the various control samples that accompanied
the bio-acidified samples. The leaching results in the control samples were limited to 2%–19% for Ni, 0%–7% for Pb, 0%–5%
for Cr, 0.3%–4% for Zn, 0.2%–4% for Cu and 0%–3% for Cd. The results confirmed that Ni and Pb were the easiest metals to dissolve
from the various sludge types. On the other hand, the lowest solubilization results were observed for Cu and Cd, and moderate
solubilization results were achieved for Cr. The bio-acidification process resulted in moderate gains in terms of improving
the suitability of tested sludges for land application.
Received: April 19, 1999 / Accepted: November 4, 1999 相似文献
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赤潮灾害经济损失评估技术方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为有效应对赤潮灾害防灾减灾、灾后救援及管理的需求,在综合分析前人提出的赤潮灾害损失评估技术方法的基础上,参考赤潮灾害对受灾体的危害特点,结合实际工作的需求及在实际中可获取的业务数据,提出了赤潮灾害经济损失评估指标体系;根据灾害经济学理论,借鉴其他自然灾害经济损失评估的先进思想,采用市场价格法,分别建立了包括海水养殖业经济损失、滨海旅游业经济损失、赤潮灾害业务与应急监测费用和赤潮灾害处置费用的赤潮灾害经济损失评估模型;最后,提出了赤潮灾害损失评估的技术流程。 相似文献
50.
The lack of emergency preparedness in Mauritius has been the cause of many tragedies. Our approach to tackle this problem was by developing an emergency preparedness game layered and fused with a disaster warning and guidance system that emanates clarity to the unfathomable bearings of emergencies and natural disasters. The emergency preparedness game is based on a selection of diverse real life-threatening difficulties that entail different strategies aimed at bettering the survival instincts of users. It uses story-telling scenarios along with in-game footnotes that yield directives on how to brave fierce and unpredictable calamities. The game reinforces a sense of self-composedness and suppressing untimely fears of users in horrendous circumstances. With regard to the warning system, it unremittingly feeds users with notifications during emergencies, that encases shortest escape routes to lead them to safe locations via a fully functional GPS map. This application brings some novelties that are virtually non-existent in related applications. For instance, this application includes a warning and guidance system, a 3D scenario game to prepare its users for disasters, an interactive survival toolkit selection, an SMS rescue feature and a mass notification system via the web. 相似文献