Search and rescue in collapsed structures: engineering and social science aspects

This paper discusses the social science and engineering dimensions of search and rescue (SAR) in collapsed buildings. First, existing information is presented on factors that influence the behaviour of trapped victims, particularly human, physical, socioeconomic and circumstantial factors. Trapped victims are most often discussed in the context of structural collapse and injuries sustained. Most studies in this area focus on earthquakes as the type of disaster that produces the most extensive structural damage. Second, information is set out on the engineering aspects of urban search and rescue (USAR) in the United States, including the role of structural engineers in USAR operations, training and certification of structural specialists, and safety and general procedures. The use of computational simulation to link the engineering and social science aspects of USAR is discussed. This could supplement training of local SAR groups and USAR teams, allowing them to understand better the collapse process and how voids form in a rubble pile. A preliminary simulation tool developed for this purpose is described.     

成像雷达遥感地质灾害应用

概述了合成孔径雷达技术的发展状况,对合成孔径雷达成像机理及特征做了简要介绍。结合SAR技术的发展阶段,简述了成像雷达遥感地质研究的技术理论,总结了国内外应用研究现状。同时对新兴起的新型成像雷达技术(极化雷达、干涉雷达)及其发展趋势也做了简单描述,重点突出了新型成像雷达技术在地质地震研究中的应用。最后提出了新型成像雷达技术在目前研究中存在的问题及对当前研究的改进措施,展望了他们未来的发展趋势。     

SLUDGE APPLICATION EFFECTS ON RUNOFF,INFILTRATION, AND WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: Land application of sewage sludge requires careful monitoring because of its potential for contamination of surface water and ground water. A rainfall simulator was used the investigate the effects of freshly applied sludge on infiltration, and on runoff of sediment and nutrients from agricultural crop lands. Rain was applied to 16 experimental field plots. A three-run sequence was used to simulate different initial moisture conditions. Runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses were monitored at the base of each plot during the simulated rainfall events. Sludge was surface applied and incorporated at conventionally-tilled plots and surface applied at no-till plots, at rates of 0, 75, 150 kg-N/ha. Steady-state infiltrability increased as a result of sludge application, although the no-till practice was more effective in increasing the infiltrability than the sludge application. No-till practices greatly reduced runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses from the sludge treated plots, relative to the conventional tillage practices. Incorporation of the sludge was effective in reducing nutrient yields at the conventionally-tilled plots. This effect was more pronounced during the third rainstorm, with wet initial conditions. Peak loadings of nutrients appeared during the rainstorm with wet initial conditions.     

膜法脱盐技术在钢铁企业污水回用中的应用分析

钢铁企业综合污水处理厂的出水脱盐处理回用具有重要意义,本文对国内一些钢铁企业采用的膜法脱盐技术的优缺点进行了分析,并提出了改进方案。     

重大工业事故隐患辨识与评价方法研究

从导致事故发生的两类危险源理论出发,结合重大危险源和重大工业事故隐患之间的相互关系,揭示进行重大工业事故隐患辨识和评价的本质就是对危险控制措施和控制能力的评价,即对重大危险源采取的控制措施是否到位,能否有效控制事故的发生。该方法通过对工业单元固有的事故易发性和所采取措施的控制能力二者之间是否满足必要的受控关系,作为重大危险源是否构成重大工业事故隐患的判断依据。在工业生产中的应用该法,可以客观反映危险源的危险控制情况,便于危险源所在单位及时加强技术干预,减少事故发生。     

半干法脱硫工艺的影响因素分析

介绍了半干法LIFAC脱硫工艺的特点及在浙江钱清发电有限责任公司的实际应用情况。通过对该工艺实际运行状况的分析和提高脱硫效率的试验，提出了将炉前喷射改为四角切圆喷射技术，从而达到较稳定的运行状态，并提高脱硫效率。半干法脱硫工艺具有投资少，占地面积小的优点，运行5年多采，已累计削减SO2 20396t，取得了良好的社会效益。     

济钢120T转炉烟气除尘水系统特征及水处理新技术的应用

转炉烟气除尘水系统工艺系统中存在的强结垢倾向及其危害性，经采用了具有创新性的水质处理技术，达到了稳定生产，节能、环保、降耗的效果，收到较高的经济效益和环境效益。     

功能性低聚糖的现状与发展

介绍了功能性低聚糖的现状、生理功能、主要种类、结构、生产、特性及其应用,展望了发展前景。     

控制释放技术与水的消毒保质

介绍了控制释放技术及其在水消毒保质方面的应用 ,指出了控制释放技术在水消毒保质方面的优越性、重要意义及应用前景     

造纸黑液木质素利用研究进展

本文对造纸黑液木质素利用研究现状进行了综述。内容包括木质素在肥料、混凝土减水剂、燃煤、水处理、石油开采、木材胶粘剂、橡胶补强剂和香兰素合成等方面的应用概况。这些技术成果是木质素工业化利用的重要基础。木质素来源丰富 ,具有优良的理化特性和广阔的应用前景 ,加强研究与应用开发对促进资源充分利用、环境保护与制浆造纸协调持续发展意义重大。