A Simulation of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Carbon at Landscape Level: A Case Study for Lake Abitibi Model Forest in Ontario,Canada

Using a case study of the Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF), this study aims to assess the temporal and spatial variability in carbon storage during 1990–2000, and to present a comprehensive estimation of the carbon budget for LAMF's ecosystems. As well, it provided the information needed by local forest managers to develop ecological and carbon-based indicators and monitor the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Temporal and spatial carbon dynamics were simulated at the landscape level using ecosystem model TRIPLEX1.0 and Geographical Information System (GIS). The simulated net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon storage in forest biomass and soil were compared with field data and results from other studies for Canada's boreal forests. The results show that simulated NPP ranged from 3.26 to 3.34 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the 1990s and was consistent with the range measured during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Studies (BOREAS) in central Canada. Modeled NPP was also compared with the estimation from remote sensing data. The density of total above-and belowground biomass was 125.3, 111.8, and 106.5 tC ha⁻¹ for black spruce, trembling aspen, and jack pine in the LAMF ecosystem, respectively. The total carbon density of forested land was estimated at 154.4 tC ha⁻¹ with the proportion of 4:6 for total biomass and soil. The analysis of net carbon balance of ecosystem suggested that the LAMF forest ecosystem was acting as a carbon sink with an allowable harvest in the 1990s.     

Aquafluor藻细胞活体分析法在三峡库区次级河流回水区Chla测定中的校准及应用

从三峡库区次级河流大宁河、小江、汤溪河及梅溪河139m回水区中段采集水样,经实验室培养后,用丙酮萃取分光光度法和Aquafluor藻细胞活体分析法测定Chla浓度.通过对Chla萃取值(y)和活体值(x)进行回归分析,得到其回归方程为y=4.15x 2.48,t检验显示回归方程具有线性.在库区次级河流139m回水区富营养化监测中,Chla模拟值与萃取值基本吻合,相对误差＜±7%,故可以采用Chla模拟值对水体富营养化程度进行评价.     

铜锌同位素方法在环境地球化学研究中的应用

近年来,随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)逐渐应用,过渡族金属(Cu,Zn和Fe等)同位素测试方法逐渐成熟,测定精度可达0.04‰,使得铜锌铁等同位素地球化学研究成为近年来国际地学研究领域的热点。本文对铜锌同位素的测试方法、分馏机理及其在环境地球化学研究领域的应用进行了较系统综述。     

同位素及其在环境科学中的应用

介绍了同位索的一些基本概念,同位案在水循环、测定地下水年龄、判别地下水来源及古气候、古环境研究等领域中的应用．同时阐述了我国同位索水文学的发展现状、存在的问题及研究方向。     

MAGIC模型及其应用进展

介绍MAGIC模型及其在预测土壤和地表水酸化趋势及确定酸沉降临界负荷中的应用,提出了该模型的应用展望。     

Characteristics of sewage sludge and distribution of heavy metal in plants with amendment of sewage sludge

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in three different sewage sludges in Shanghai City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Cd in all of sewage sludge and total concentrations of Zn in Jinshan sewage sludge, as well as those ofZn, Cu, and Ni in Taopu sludge are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used in agriculture. Leachability of rig in all of studied samples and that of Cd in Taopu sewage sludge exceed the limit values of waste solid extraction standard in China legislation. Based on the characteristics for three kinds of sewage sludge, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil amended with Quyang sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metalo.by Begonia semperfloreas-hybr; Ophiopogon japonicas （L.F.） Ker-Gaw; Loropetalum chindense-var, rubrum; Dendranthema morifolium; Viola tricolor; A ntirrhinum majas; Buxas radicans Sieb; Viburnum macrocephalum; Osmanthas fragrans Lour; Cinnamomum camphora siebold and Ligustrum lucidum ait. Results showed that 8 species of plant survived in the amended soil, and moreover they flourished as well as those cultivated in the control soil. The heavy metal concentration in plants varied with species, As, Pb, Cd and Cr concentration being the highest in the four herbaceous species studied, particularly in the roots of D. morifolium. These plants, however, did not show accumulator of As, Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest concentration of Ni and Hg was found in the roots ofD. morifolium, followed by the leaves ofB. semperflorens-hybr. Levels of Zn and Cu were much higher in D. morifolium than in the other plant species. D. morifolium accumulated Ni, Hg, Cu and Zn, which may contribute to the decrease of heavy metal contents in the amended soil. Treatment with sewage sludge did not significantly affect the uptake of heavy metals by the L. chindense-var, rubrum, however, it significantly affected the uptake of heavy metals by D. morifolium.     

用Microsoft Excel模糊综合法评价空气质量

模糊综合评价，可以对受多层次、多因素影响的事物进行综合评价。，同时介绍了用此法评价的空气质量、每一天各点位诸因子的数据Micmsoft Excel软件在模糊综合评价中的应用，并指出Microsoft Excel的利用实现了评价结果可视化。     

ISO14000系列标准在现代企业环境管理中的应用

从现代企业环境管理角度，分析了ISO14000系列国际标准的应用，根据实践经验，探讨了在实施应用中应将先进的管理理念融入到企业环境管理中去，从而改善企业环境管理水平，提高企业的经济效益和环境效益。     

SAFUIT/UF6环境评价模型验证与应用

作为核燃料循环过程中一种兼具辐射危害和化学毒性的中间产物,UF6的泄漏事故,特别是事故的环境评价技术越来越受到人们的重视.SAFUIT/UF6是专门针对此类事故的环境评价模型,目前已经开展了初步的验证工作.根据1987年法国UF6释放实验条件,对SAFUIT/UF6模型计算结果进行了误差分析,并与HG-SYSTEM/UF6模型进行了对比.初步认为SAFUIT/UF6模型可准确地模拟UF6扩散.此外,SAFUIT/UF6模型在某设施核事故应急评价系统中也得到了应用.     

城市污泥及蚓粪施用对生菜和土壤中重金属(Cr、Pb和Cd)积累的影响

利用盆栽试验研究了不同配比的城市生活污泥和蚓粪(污泥或蚓粪在混配土壤中的质量分数为10%、20%和30%(以干重计))施用于土壤后,对生菜和土壤中Cr、Pb和Cd三种重金属元素积累的影响,以期为污泥蚓粪的农用提供依据及指导。试验结果表明:无论何种比例的污泥和蚓粪,重金属Cr和Cd在生菜体内的含量均低于国家标准限值,而重金属Pb在生菜体内的含量均不同程度地高于国家标准限值,生菜体内的重金属含量从大到小依次为Pb>Cr>Cd。研究发现,无论施用污泥和蚓粪,大多数情况下重金属在生菜体内的含量以10%施用量处理组最高。20%配比的处理种植并收获生菜后,土壤重金属的含量显著低于10%和30%处理组土壤。