覆盖型岩溶塌陷动态演化数值模型研究

预测不同水动力环境下岩溶覆盖层土洞发育规模和极限规模尺寸对于评价覆盖层稳定性意义重大.以武汉市烽火村覆盖型岩溶塌陷为实例,利用弹塑性理论和变饱和渗流理论建立了渗流-应力单向耦合控制方程,结合土洞剥蚀判据提出覆盖型岩溶塌陷动态演化数值模型,并以此模型预测在不同孔隙水位与岩溶水位之差△H水动力环境下覆盖层中潜在土洞的发育规...     

污泥基生物炭提升活性污泥系统处理性能

对污泥基生物炭提升活性污泥系统处理性能进行探讨,将活性炭和污泥基生物炭分别投入A²O工艺厌氧池活性污泥,发现其对COD削减率最高分别为72.9%和41.1%,均能有效削减,生物炭对TN削减率最高为74.1%,优于活性炭.表征显示污泥基生物炭上更易附着活性污泥且比表面积更大.在A²O小试厌氧池中以"1次/污泥龄"为频率投加活性炭、污泥基生物炭和脱脂污泥基生物炭,结果发现:投加污泥基生物炭对COD、TN、TP的削减均优于活性炭,投加脱脂污泥基生物炭对COD、TN的削减与投加活性炭相当,对TP平均削减率高达85.6%,优于活性炭,表明生物炭处理(BT)工艺比粉末活性炭处理(PACT)工艺处理生活污水能力更强,脱脂污泥基生物炭作为污泥脂质提取后的副产品更经济.     

无人机用航空铝合金材料激光毁伤特性缩比实验研究

目的 通过开展激光对无人机用航空铝合金材料的缩比毁伤实验,为研究激光对无人机的毁伤特性及规律奠定基础,为激光武器的战技指标论证提供科学可靠的参考数据。方法 采用缩比模型法,利用激光对航空铝靶板进行毁伤实验,记录烧穿时间、光斑直径、激光功率等参数,并通过等效性修正实验对毁伤规律进行分析。结果 毁伤缩比实验中,随着尺度律cP的增加,航空铝板的平均击穿时间逐渐延长,击穿所需的激光能量密度基本符合线性增加规律。修正实验中,随着航空铝板厚度的增加,击穿时间逐渐延长,实验拟合曲线与理论曲线具有较好的一致性。结论 通过缩比实验与修正实验,可建立激光对航空铝合金材料的毁伤模型公式,根据激光参数推算毁伤阈值及击穿时间。     

农业技术进步、规模效率与粮食安全——以东北三省粳稻、玉米为例

以东北三省粳稻、玉米为例,使用DEA-malmquist指数法实证检验农业技术进步、规模效率与粮食生产效率增长之间的关系。结果发现:①2000—2019年,吉林和黑龙江均保持了良好的粮食生产效率。②黑龙江属于"农业技术进步单一驱动型"的生产模式,而辽宁、吉林属于"农业技术进步和技术效率双驱动型"的生产模式。③吉林玉米生产的规模效率非有效,辽宁农业技术进步的衰退分别阻碍了各自粮食生产效率的提高。基于以上研究,提出建议:黑龙江、吉林、辽宁3省应因地制宜,分别通过增加农业财政投入、加强农业科技研发力度、鼓励农地流转等措施为粮食安全保驾护航。     

环境规划中声环境管控分级研究——以长春市龙嘉机场为例

文章以长春市龙嘉机场为研究对象,结合机场参数指标,绘制机场噪声等值线图,并与城市规划相结合,评价机场周边噪声影响程度以及机场噪声对城市发展的限制作用.文章首先对机场周边56个噪声监测点位进行机场噪声数据采集,通过专业软件进行飞行事件分析,在飞行程序及飞行数据分析基础上,利用INM模拟软件进行机场模型构建,绘制机场噪声等值线图.结果表明,龙嘉机场Lwecpn 70以上区域总面积11.28平方公里,机场周边各类建设用地布局符合声环境标准当中土地用地的布局要求.     

梁平县境内高滩河水质的空间分布及其对土地利用方式的响应

以梁平县境内高滩河流域为研究对象,综合应用GIS空间分析、Pearson相关分析和RDA冗余分析方法,研究在子流域尺度上COD、BOD5、氨氮和总磷4种水质要素对土地利用方式的生态响应。结果表明:高滩河流域土地利用类型对水质要素有着重要影响,林地能够改善河道水环境,旱地和城镇村和工矿用地是COD、BOD5和氨氮的主要污染来源,园地、交通运输用地以及水域对污染物的影响较弱,说明农业面源污染和农村居民生活污染是高滩河水质恶化的主要原因。     

Distribution characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in annular wetland soil-water solutions through soil profiles in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Overwhelming evidence reveals that concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） have increased in streams which brings negative environmental impacts. DOC in stream flow is mainly originated from soil-water solutions of watershed. Wetlands prove to be the most sensitive areas as an important DOC reserve between terrestrial and fluvial biogeosystems. This reported study was focused on the distribution characteristics and the controlling factors of DOC in soil-water solutions of annular wetland, i.e., a dishing wetland and a forest wetland together, in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results indicate that DOC concentrations in soilwater solutions decreased and then increased with increasing soil depth in the annular wetland. In the upper soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, DOC concentrations in soil-water solutions linearly increased from edge to center of the annular wetland （R^2 = 0.3122 and R^2 = 0.443）. The distribution variations were intimately linked to DOC production and utilization and DOC transport processes in annular wetland soil-water solutions. The concentrations of total organic carbon （TOC）, total carbon （TC） and Fe（II）, DOC mobility and continuous vertical and lateral flow affectext the distribution variations of DOC in soil-water solutions. The correlation coefficients between DOC concentrations and TOC, TC and Fe（II） were 0.974, 0.813 and 0.753 respectively. These distribution characteristics suggested a systematic response of the distribution variations of DOC in annular wetland soil-water solutions to the geometry of closed depressions on a scale of small catchments. However, the DOC in soil pore water of the annular wetland may be the potential source of DOC to stream flow on watershed scale. These observations also implied the fragmentation of wetland landscape could bring the spatial-temporal variations of DOC distribution and exports, which would bring negative environmental impacts in watersheds of the Sanjiang Plain.     

涠洲岛珊瑚礁分布特征与环境保护的初步研究

根据历年来对涠洲岛珊瑚礁所观测的资料,初步研究了该岛珊瑚的种群结构及其分布特征,以及珊瑚礁的形成及发育过程,并提出了涠洲岛珊瑚的保护措施.      

Intra-specific variations of two Leymus chinensis divergence populations in Songnen Plain, northeast China

Population demography, seed production, biomassallocation, net photosynthesis and transpiration of two Leymus chinensis divergence populations and between two years in Songnenplain, northeast China were compared. Strong differences betweenthe dry 1997 and moist 1998 occurred in vegetative shoot and sexualshoot densities, sexual differentiation and tiller densities, aswell as in the lengths of inflorescence, seed numbers perinflorescence, seed weights and biomass allocation in eachpopulation respectively (P<0.01). While strong differences betweenthe two populations occurred in vegetative shoot densities, sexualshoot densities, sexual differentiation and seed weights in eachyear (P<0.01). The differences between the two populations intiller densities and in biomass allocation to sexual shoots were significant (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between the two populations in the lengths of inflorescence, seed numbers per inflorescence and biomass allocation to rhizomes and vegetative shoots (P>0.05). Excepting the transpiration rate in the early June, the differences between the two populations in net photosynthesis and transpiration rate of vegetative shoots and sexual shoots were strongly significant in the early June and July respectively (P<0.01). Relative stable variations in population demography and physiological traits between the two populations indicated that they are divergently in the Songnen Plain.     

Best practice recommendations for scale construction in organizational research: The development and initial validation of the Character Strength Inventory (CSI)

Proper scale development and validation provide the necessary foundation to facilitate future quantitative research in the organizational sciences. Using the framework provided by the Researcher's Notebook , the purpose of this study is twofold. First, we present a modern summary of best practice procedures for scale development, reliability analysis, and validity analysis. Second, we explain and illustrate these best practice procedures by describing each procedure in the context of developing and psychometrically analyzing a new Character Strength Inventory (CSI). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.