三峡水库135m水位蓄水典型次级河流回水段富营养化监测评价

通过2004年3月份对三峡水库135m水位蓄水状态下库区成库河段典型次级河流朱衣河、梅溪河、大宁河回水河段富营养化监测与评价,掌握了在这一季节三峡库区成库河段次级河流回水河段营养状态不同的分布模式.     

国外大气中消耗臭氧层物质及其替代物的监测概况与启示

大气中消耗臭氧层物质(ODS)及其替代物监测是科学评估履约成效的重要基础。美国等发达国家针对大气中ODS及其替代物开展了长期的网络化监测,中国相关监测起步相对较晚,基础比较薄弱。该文总结了发达国家大气中ODS及其替代物的监测经验,分析了中国的监测现状及存在的问题,提出了中国大气中ODS及其替代物监测的建议:明确监测目标,推进国家大气中ODS及其替代物监测网络建设;加快相关监测设备研发及方法研究进程,形成规范统一的监测技术体系;定期开展监测数据质量评价,加强综合分析利用。通过采取相应措施,逐步形成中国履行保护臭氧层国际环境公约的监测支撑能力。     

多源专题数据在国家重点生态功能区生态环境状况评价中的应用

为了建立一套生态遥感快速监测方法,实现生态环境状况评价,以2015年广西40个国家重点生态功能区为例,以全国第一次地理国情普查、高分影像、地貌为基础数据,利用RPC模型及网络刺点进行影像纠正,使用空间分析等程序化处理方法进行代码转换和信息抽取,实现了广西国情普查成果转化,得到了2014年和2015年生态遥感数据,形成一套较为完整的生态遥感快速监测方法,最终得到2015年全区重点生态功能县生态环境状况指数, 40个重点生态功能县中有15个县生态环境质量状况等级为"优",25个为"良"。     

抚仙湖、星云湖与杞麓湖营养状态演变及突变分析

为科学评价抚仙湖、星云湖和杞麓湖(简称三湖)营养状态及其变化趋势,基于三湖1991-2015年水质数据,采用综合营养状态指数法评价其富营养化水平,通过Mann-Kendall(Sneyers)方法判识三湖富营养化趋势及突变时间。结果表明:三湖都存在水质恶化现象,其综合营养状态指数及各分项指数均呈变差趋势,表征其营养物质在增加。三湖的营养化水平和演变时间存在显著差异,抚仙湖处于贫营养,星云湖由中营养转变为富营养,杞麓湖表现为中度-重度富营养化;抚仙湖和杞麓湖分别在2004、2011年出现突变点,星云湖自2000年后综合营养状态指数显著增加。基于三湖营养状态演变及趋势,结合变化特征及相关情况的讨论,提出对抚仙湖的管理应减少农业化肥和农药排放,对星云湖和杞麓湖的管理应削减高污染工矿企业排放等。     

牛栏江流域水污染时空分布与防治对策措施研究

根据昆明市环境监测中心2004～2008年连续5年对昆明辖区牛栏江流域河道及库区水质监测的结果,对牛栏江-滇池补水工程昆明辖区流域的水环境质量现状进行了分析研究,探讨了该流域段水污染的时空分布,就此提出水污染防治对策措施建议.     

我国生态环境中多环芳烃污染状况研究进展

综述了近年来我国大气、水、土壤环境和生态系统中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染状况研究进展，指出化石燃料及其衍生物的燃烧产物是PAHs的主要来源，虽然我国大部分地区生态环境中PAHs风险较低，但仍须关注其潜在的健康风险，提出多学科交叉研究典型PAHs在生态系统中的环境行为及原位修复技术等未来研究方向。     

Performance evaluation method of oil and gas pipeline integrity management

The performance evaluation of integrity management has become the focus of attention because integrity management has become widely accepted by pipeline operators. This paper proposes a three-index system of pipeline integrity management performance evaluation (TISPIMPE), which includes system construction, implementation process, and pipeline health status, comprehensively evaluating the status, adequacy, and effectiveness of integrity management. It helps the pipeline operators to determine the weakness in each step. Based on the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the different backgrounds of experts are fully considered, and experts' opinions are revised. The adjustment coefficient of performance evaluation is set up simultaneously, and the evaluation results are adjusted to make the results more reasonable. Taking the performance evaluation of pipeline integrity management of an oil and gas company as an example, it is shown that TISPIMPE has reasonable practicability and can accurately reflect the shortcomings of pipeline integrity management. TISPIMPE can effectively help pipeline managers comprehensively and systematically evaluate the performance of pipeline integrity management and gain an in-depth understanding of pipeline operation status.     

Assessing conservation status with extensive but low-resolution data: Application of frequentist and Bayesian models to endangered Athabasca River rainbow trout

Use of extensive but low-resolution abundance data is common in the assessment of species at-risk status based on quantitative decline criteria under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and national endangered species legislation. Such data can be problematic for 3 reasons. First, statistical power to reject the null hypothesis of no change is often low because of small sample size and high sampling uncertainty leading to a high frequency of type II errors. Second, range-wide assessments composed of multiple site-specific observations do not effectively weight site-specific trends into global trends. Third, uncertainty in site-specific temporal trends and relative abundance are not propagated at the appropriate spatial scale. A common result is the propensity to underestimate the magnitude of declines and therefore fail to identify the appropriate at-risk status for a species. We used 3 statistical approaches, from simple to more complex, to estimate temporal decline rates for a designatable unit (DU) of rainbow trout in the Athabasca River watershed in western Canada. This DU is considered a native species for purposes of listing because of its genetic composition characterized as >0.95 indigenous origin in the face of continuing introgressive hybridization with introduced populations in the watershed. Analysis of abundance trends from 57 time series with a fixed-effects model identified 33 sites with negative trends, but only 2 were statistically significant. By contrast, a hierarchical linear mixed model weighted by site-specific abundance provided a DU-wide decline estimate of 16.4% per year and a 3-generation decline of 93.2%. A hierarchical Bayesian mixed model yielded a similar 3-generation decline trend of 91.3% and the posterior distribution showed that the estimate had a >99% probability of exceeding thresholds for an endangered listing. We conclude that the Bayesian approach was the most useful because it provided a probabilistic statement of threshold exceedance in support of an at-risk status recommendation.