中国安全生产标准现状统计分析

安全生产标准是规范企业安全生产工作的基础性规范,是安全生产法律体系的重要组成部分,也是安全生产监管监察执法的重要依据。为掌握安全生产标准现状,收集、梳理了已发布的安全生产标准603项和正在研制阶段的标准385项,对标准发布年份、在研标准计划年份、标准领域分布、标准级别和标准性质多个维度进行分析,总结标准工作存在的问题,提出安全生产标准制（修）订及发展建议,为安全生产标准工作的持续完善提供参考。     

衡阳市野生动物保护管理现状及其对策

本文阐述了加强野生动物保护管理的重要性,并对衡阳市野生动物管理的现状及存在的问题进行了认真的分析,提出相应的对策与措施,藉以推动衡阳市野生动物保护事业的发展.     

西藏自治区自然保护区事业的现状和展望

介绍了西藏自治区保护区事业的发展概况和现状，指出了目前保护区建设与管理中存在的主要问题，对今后保护区的规划与发展提出了意见和建议。     

Do dominants have higher heterozygosity? Social status and genetic variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta

A key question of evolutionary importance is what factors influence who becomes dominant. Individual genetic variation has been found to be associated with several fitness traits, including behaviour. Could it also be a factor influencing social dominance? We investigated the association between social status and the amount of intra-individual genetic variation in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Genetic variation was estimated using 12 microsatellite loci. Dominant individuals had higher mean heterozygosity than subordinates in populations with the longest hatchery background. Heterozygosity–heterozygosity correlations did not find any evidence of inbreeding; however, single-locus analysis revealed four loci that each individually differed significantly between dominant and subordinate fish, thus giving more support to local than general effect as the mechanism behind the observed association between genetic diversity and a fitness-associated trait. We did not find any significant relation between mean d ² and social status, or internal relatedness and social status. Our results suggest that individual genetic variation can influence dominance relations, but manifestation of this phenomenon may depend on the genetic background of the population.     

Why is dominance hierarchy age-related in social insects? The relative longevity hypothesis

In temperate regions, older eusocial hymenopteran females with annual life cycles (annual-temperate) tend to dominate younger females, a behavior demonstrated by many Polistes. However, in queenless ponerine ants and primitively eusocial tropical wasps (perennial/tropical), a younger female can be dominant and occasionally takes over from the older, most dominant reproductive female, the alpha. We investigated these patterns using an inclusive fitness model. The most important difference between the above two cases lay in the length of individual life compared with colony life. Colonies dissolve before winter in the annual-temperate case, so the expected future tenure of the replacement alpha is never longer than that of the original alpha. This makes the non-reproductive subordinate tactic more advantageous for individuals that emerge later in the season because of the fitness cost of superseding. The perennial/tropical case does not have a clear upper limit for colony longevity, so the model predicts that late-born younger daughters are more likely to challenge their mother-alpha because of the expected long future tenure of the new alpha compared with the small indirect cost of the mothers reproductive failure. To switch tactics from being a subordinate to being the new alpha is only optimal in some situations. The high mortality rate of subordinate workers does not qualitatively alter the above pattern. The specific sexual production schedule of the colony sometimes affects the optimal behavior of females in the perennial/tropical case, and older individuals can dominate younger ones when the end of current round of sexual production is imminent.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

生物难降解有机污染物微生物处理技术的进展

耗氧有机污染物的微生物处理技术已日趋完善，研究重点转向生物难解污染物处理，文章详细阐述了几种生物难降解污染物微生物处理技术的研究进展：（１）几种污染物的高效降解微生物的分离培养以及这些高效降解微生物的降解效率和最佳降解条件研究。（２）利用微生物共代谢作用降解污染物的研究，为一些难以作为微生物唯一碳源和能源的污染物生物降解提供一条有效的途径；（３）利用基因工程技术创建高效降解菌的研究，该项技术在提高     

秸秆发电的现状和展望

介绍了秸秆发电的重要意义以及在国内外的发展现状，分析了秸秆发电存在的问题，并提出相应的解决办法，最后展望了秸秆发电在国内的市场前景。     

清洁生产在低碳经济中的战略地位与实践探析

以低碳经济提出的大环境为背景,阐述了低碳经济的内涵与发展,重点分析了清洁生产在低碳经济中的不可替代的作用和地位,并以丹东某硼化工企业为成功案例,论述了企业在实际生产过程中运用清洁生产理念发展低碳经济的经验,旨在为企业发展低碳经济提供思路与借鉴。     

南太湖入湖口2008～2009浮游植物及营养现状评价

对2008年9月～2009年8月南太湖入湖口浮游植物进行调查,结果显示,南太湖入湖口6个点位浮游植物共有8门93种,其中中营养化和富营养化藻种占45%左右。典型的富营养化水体指示藻类微囊藻和隐藻在1#～6#点位均为优势种。基于Shannon-Veaner指数和Pielou指数并结合同期水质类别结果判定：1#～6#为无污染。     

2008年黑龙江省环境状况及发展趋势分析

黑龙江省生态环境状况良好,野生动植物栖息和生长的环境逐步改善。主要污染物化学需氧量和二氧化硫排放量继续呈下降趋势。城市空气质量良好,处于全国中上游水平,城市噪声污染较轻。松花江水质稳中趋好,为轻度污染,部分支流水质明显改善,出境水质达标的频率大幅增加。