城市安全生产风险评估调研和信息处理方法研究

为城市安全生产风险评估调研工作的合理有序开展,本文结合实际案例归纳了城市安全生产风险评估调研的目的、范围、内容和流程,具体介绍了走访座谈法、常专结合法、函件调研法等信息采集方法,总结了综合归纳法和逻辑处理法等信息处理方法。结果表明,在调研的不同阶段运用不同的调研方法可有效获取城市安全生产风险源信息及安全生产基本信息,为城市安全生产风险评估工作奠定坚实的信息数据资料支撑。     

Priority areas for conservation of and research focused on terrestrial vertebrates

Effective conservation policies require comprehensive knowledge of biodiversity. However, knowledge shortfalls still remain, hindering possibilities to improve decision making and built such policies. During the last 2 decades, conservationists have made great efforts to allocate resources as efficiently as possible but have rarely considered the idea that if research investments are also strategically allocated, it would likely fill knowledge gaps while simultaneously improving conservation actions. Therefore, prioritizing areas where both conservation and research actions could be conducted becomes a critical endeavor that can further maximize return on investment. We used Zonation, a conservation planning tool and geographical distributions of amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles to suggest and compare priority areas for conservation and research of terrestrial vertebrates worldwide. We also evaluated the degree of human disturbance in both types of priority areas by describing the value of the human footprint index within such areas. The spatial concordance between priority conservation and research areas was low: 0.36% of the world's land area. In these areas, we found it would be possible to protect almost half of the currently threatened species and to gather information on nearly 42% of data-deficient (DD) species. We also found that 6199 protected areas worldwide are located in such places, although only 35% of them have strict conservation purposes. Areas of consensus between conservation and research areas represent an opportunity for simultaneously conserving and acquiring knowledge of threatened and DD species of vertebrates. Although the picture is not the most encouraging, joint conservation and research efforts are possible and should be fostered to save vertebrate species from our own ignorance and extinction.     

制约湖南地区节能建筑发展的主要因素及应对技术研究

根据湖南地区节能建筑的发展现状和问题,比较国际建筑节能方面的一些先进经验,通过工程设计实例,探讨建筑产业可持续发展这一关键环节的重要性及其改进措施,并预测了节能建筑在我省的发展态势。     

Ecological-Economic Modeling for Biodiversity Management: Potential, Pitfalls, and Prospects

Abstract:  Ecologists and economists both use models to help develop strategies for biodiversity management. The practical use of disciplinary models, however, can be limited because ecological models tend not to address the socioeconomic dimension of biodiversity management, whereas economic models tend to neglect the ecological dimension. Given these shortcomings of disciplinary models, there is a necessity to combine ecological and economic knowledge into ecological-economic models. It is insufficient if scientists work separately in their own disciplines and combine their knowledge only when it comes to formulating management recommendations. Such an approach does not capture feedback loops between the ecological and the socioeconomic systems. Furthermore, each discipline poses the management problem in its own way and comes up with its own most appropriate solution. These disciplinary solutions, however, are likely to be so different that a combined solution considering aspects of both disciplines cannot be found. Preconditions for a successful model-based integration of ecology and economics include (1) an in-depth knowledge of the two disciplines, (2) the adequate identification and framing of the problem to be investigated, and (3) a common understanding between economists and ecologists of modeling and scale. To further advance ecological-economic modeling the development of common benchmarks, quality controls, and refereeing standards for ecological-economic models is desirable.     

环境成本核算研究的进展

环境成本核算作为环境管理的基础工作，在绿色国民经济核算体系构建，在涉及环境费用效益分析，在制定适当的环境标准、环境收费等政策时发挥着重要作用。在陈述环境成本的定义和分类以及国内外环境成本核算研究过程的基础上，指出可持续发展理论、总成本理论、外部性和边际机会成本理论以及基于SEEA核算体系的环境成本计量理论是环境成本核算的四大理论支柱，并对环境成本核算方法的研究进行了总结与分析。阐明了研究队伍综合化、宏观核算微观化、核算方法科学化是环境成本核算研究的发展趋势，时空范围的处理、环境服务产出的处理、内部环保外部化处理是环境成本核算研究的难点与热点问题。     

鱼类耳石元素指纹研究进展

耳石是沉积在真骨鱼类内耳中的一种矿物结构,其主要成分是碳酸盐.在鱼类的生活过程中,水环境中的化学元素经过代谢稳定地沉积在耳石上,由于生活水域化学环境的差异,鱼类耳石的元素组成或含量存在一定的差异,而使耳石上的元素指纹成为一种天然标志,记录了鱼类所经历的生态环境及其变化.耳石元素指纹研究主要包括同位素成分分析、锶钙比率研究(Sr/Ca)以及一些痕量元素分析等,这些可以用于鱼类种群识别、生活史研究、生活环境重建,以及高龄鱼的年龄鉴定,在鱼类生态学和渔业资源学研究中具有广泛的应用前景.参57     

待产孕妇分娩方式的选择分析

了解医院剖宫产及其特征.方法:回顾性分析2000年1月至2005年12月衡阳市某医院1850例剖宫产产妇的临床资料.结果:6年间剖宫产率分别为:10.78%、12.53%、13.80%、17.38%、19.53%、20.32%,6年间剖宫产特征中,一直以难产为第一位,巨大儿、产妇要求有上升趋势.结论:应对孕妇加强健康教育,减少巨大儿的发生率,同时,应加强围生期保健宣传力度,使家属及产妇正确地认识剖宫产,降低剖宫产率.表3,参7.     

城市热岛效应研究进展

作为现代城市气候主要特征之一的城市热岛效应有日渐严重的趋势。文章综述了城市热岛的生态环境效应、热岛的主要形成机制、时空分布特征等研究状况和发展趋势；基于当前城市热岛研究的现状，提出了未来城市热岛效应研究的方向及缓解城市热岛效应的有关对策。     

探讨面向21世纪环境保护发展的压力

按目前形势发展预测,近些年内我国环境状况难以得到根本改善,由于能源和水资源紧缺,下世纪初环境保护将承受巨大压力。根据数据分析,改善消费结构、推行清洁生产、推动经济国际化进程有利于降低对环境的压力     

中国环境科学专题文献研究

本文运用文献计量学方法,对我国环境科学10种主要期刊(1989～1991)年间总计刊载的2584篇文献所著录的全部引文及文献著者进行一次统计调查与分析研究,从中寻找出我国环境科学研究文献引文的一般规律和我国环境科学科研作者队伍的构成及分布现状。