Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in South and Southeast Asian mussels

A comprehensive monitoring survey for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) utilizing mussels as sentinel organisms was conducted in South and Southeast Asia as a part of the Asian Mussel Watch project. Green mussel (Perna viridis) samples collected from a total of 48 locations in India, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines during 1994–1999 were analyzed for PAHs, EDCs including nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA), and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as molecular markers for sewage. Concentrations of NP ranged from 18 to 643 ng/g-dry tissue. The highest levels of NP in Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Indonesia were comparable to those observed in Tokyo Bay. Elevated concentrations of EDCs were not observed in Vietnam and Cambodia, probably due to the lower extent of industrialization in these regions. No consistent relationship between concentrations of phenolic EDCs and LABs were found, suggesting that sewage is not a major source of EDCs. Concentrations of PAHs ranged from 11 to 1,133 ng/g-dry, which were categorized as “low to moderate” levels of pollution. The ratio of methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene (MP/P ratio) was >1.0 in 20 out of 25 locations, indicating extensive input of petrogenic PAHs. This study provides a bench-mark for data on the distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in this region, which is essential in evaluating temporal and spatial variation and effect of future regulatory measures.     

岩溶环境对多环芳烃迁移转化的影响

从水文地质条件、地貌环境和地球化学环境等3个方面,综述了岩溶环境对多环芳烃(PAHs)迁移转化的影响。针对研究现状及存在的不足,提出了未来可能的研究趋势,包括不同气候条件下发育的岩溶系统的对比研究、不同气候条件和不同岩溶系统快速流和慢速流对PAHs迁移的贡献、碳酸盐岩与PAHs相互作用的机理,以及有机质对PAHs迁移行为的影响。     

光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪快速测定水中苯系物

本文研究了使用光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪,在环境温度下手工摇荡的快速顶空法测定水中苯系物（苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对位的二甲苯及异丙苯）的分析方法。方法的线性范围为０～１８０μｇ／Ｌ,相关系数均在０．９９６以上,方法的变异系数分别为１．０～１４％（１０μｇ／Ｌ）,２．９～７．８％（３０μｇ／Ｌ）,方法的最低检测限达０．５～１．５μｇ／Ｌ。     

Characteristics of microorganisms isolated from technogenic soils of the Kama region

Microorganisms capable of degrading monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several chlorinated aromatic compounds were isolated from soils polluted with industrial waste from chemical plants. They were identified as representatives of the genera Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Cellulomonas, Arthrobacter, and Brevibacterium. Among them, bacteria capable of utilizing xenobiotics in a wide range of ambient temperatures and pH and in the presence of high sodium chloride concentrations were revealed.     

红枫湖地表水中多环芳烃的分布及来源

将固相微萃取与气相色谱联用,对贵阳红枫湖水样中16种美国环境保护署优控的多环芳烃进行分析。结果表明：红枫湖水中16种多环芳烃总量为0167 1~0336 4 μg/L,与国内其它水系相比,湖中存在多环芳烃轻度污染。7种（萘、荧蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘和苯并(ghi)苝）多环芳烃的总量未超出中国城市供水行业对多环芳烃规定的限值,但作为饮用水源,红枫湖水中的苯并(a)芘含量已超出我国标准GB3838-2002中生活饮用水地表水源地的苯并(a)芘限值,并且苯并(a)蒽、〖JX-*9〗〖SX（B-25x〗〖HT7,5”〗艹〖〗〖HT6”,5”〗屈〖HT5”〗〖SX）〗〖JX*9〗、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘的含量也超过了美国环境保护署地表水水质标准限值。通过多环芳烃特征参数的比值,分析了红枫湖水中多环芳烃的污染来源。污染源分析表明,湖中多环芳烃的主要来源为燃烧源,包括木材、煤以及化石燃料的燃烧,同时也有一部分多环芳烃是来源石油类物质的输入.     

美国和五大湖双边共同关注区域的白肚燕(双色树燕)雏鸟的有机污染状况

白肚燕,又名双色树燕,栖居于五大湖流域中27个双边共同关注区域(AOCs),从2010年到2014年对其进行了污染物暴露风险评估,以协助管理者和监管者评估五大湖AOCs的污染状况。本文比较了AOCs和附近非AOCs雏鸟体内污染物浓度的差异。AOCs白肚燕雏鸟尸体中多氯联苯(PCB)和多溴联苯醚的含量分别为30%和33%,低于非AOCs的平均浓度。AOCs白肚燕雏鸟胃含物中多环芳烃(PAH)浓度和血浆中全氟化合物浓度分别为67%和64%,也低于非AOCs的平均浓度。但是与已有生殖效应记载的高PCB污染区相比,有些AOCs雏鸟尸体内的PCBs浓度只是存在小幅升高。一些AOCs食物中PAHs的浓度足够高以致引起可测量的生理响应。在AOCs中,全氟化合物全氟辛烷磺酸在血浆中的最高浓度出现在Raisin河(密歇根州,美国;几何平均数330 ng/mL),但远低于预估毒性的参考值(1 700 ng/mL)。之前有研究报道雏鸟胃含物中PAH和PCB的浓度以及尸体中PCBs的含量与沉积物中污染物的含量显著相关,从而可加强白肚燕在评估沉积物污染生物有效性方面的应用。
精选自Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Paul M. Dummer, Diana Goldberg, J. Christian Franson, Richard A. Erickson. Organic contamination in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings at United States and binational Great Lakes areas of concern. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 36, Issue 3, pages 735–748, July 2017. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3598
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/etc.3598/full
     

多环芳烃在水/有机膨润土间的分配行为

用阳离子表面活性剂（DTMAB、BDTDAB、CTMAB、OTMAB）改性膨润土制得一系列有机膨润土．研究了萘、菲、蒽、苊４种多环芳烃（PAHs）在水／有机膨润土间的分配行为;描述了多环芳烃在水／有机膨润土间的分配系数（K_oc）与有机物本身性质（K_oc、S）之间的关系．结果表明,萘、菲、蒽、苊在水／有机膨润土间的分配系数（K_oc）基本为一常数,与有机膨润土吸附介质无关,相应的分配系数为 2.247×10⁴、2.621×10⁵、2.106×10⁵、5.085×10⁴,其值比多环芳烃在土壤（沉积物）的K_oc大约高10～20倍,这是有机膨润土可用于污染土壤和地下水修复的必要条件之一．     

成都典型工业园多环芳烃污染源区识别及风险评估

筛选识别成都市多环芳烃（PAHs）污染重点源和区域,采集57个土壤样品,利用人体暴露风险模型对16种PAHs的健康风险进行评价。结果表明：青白江工业集中发展区与新都工业集中发展区连片区局部有PAHs潜在渗漏风险,污染源主要为工业企业和交通源,农业面源、生活污染源等不直接产生PAHs;土壤PAHs主要来源途径为企业VOCs排放与沉降、汽车尾气与大气中PAHs沉降、废矿物油泄漏入渗;PAHs主要离去途径为入渗地下水、冲淋径流进入地表水、植物吸收;智能设备制造、化工用地存在PAHs人体健康及环境生态风险。     

飞灰添加对沥青铺路烟气PAHs释放的影响

为评估生活垃圾焚烧飞灰替代矿粉生产沥青混合料及其路面浇筑全过程中PAHs的环境风险,采用实验室模拟与实际铺筑过程相结合的方法,改变飞灰添加量(以w计,0、3%、4%和5%)和加热温度(200、165、145和80 ℃),以对PAHs的释放规律进行研究. 结果表明:在实际筑路过程中,PAHs的释放受加热温度的影响较大,ρ(∑₁₆PAHs)随加热温度的下降而降低,其中混合料制备和道路开放使用阶段的ρ(∑₁₆PAHs)分别为249.0～378.0、72.1～95.1 μg/m3;但在路面浇筑阶段ρ(∑₁₆PAHs)有增加的趋势,为254.0～571.0 μg/m3,并且在该阶段内ρ(4环PAHs)降低,低环(2～3环)和高环(5～6环)的PAHs质量浓度升高. 飞灰的添加抑制了PAHs的释放,w(∑₁₆PAHs)在10.4～12.3 μg/kg之间,毒性当量浓度(以TEQ计)在0.011 μg/kg左右. 飞灰的添加抑制了以萘为主的低环PAHs的释放,并且在3%添加量时对PAHs的抑制效果最好;在飞灰添加量为3%、4%和5%时,w(萘)分别降低了42.7%、32.2%和35.3%.