基于CLUE-S和灰色线性规划的嘉兴北部土地利用优化配置研究

构建基于CLUE-S与灰色线性规划混合模型的土地利用优化配置方法,在导入区域政策、社会经济、生态目标和土地利用现状等条件下,进行土地利用数量结构与空间布局的统一优化,并以嘉兴北部地区为例进行实证研究,共设置现状趋势情景、规划目标情景和规划可持续情景这3种模拟情景.规划可持续情景侧重社会经济环境效益,故对建设用地快速增长和农用地持续减少起到明显调控作用,可实现生态敏感区环境和粮食安全的双重保护,是理想的土地利用优化方案.CLUE-S模型与灰色线性规划的耦合能够兼顾现状条件和区域发展目标,模拟土地利用的数量和空间变化,是解决土地资源优化配置问题的有效方法.     

NGOs come and go but business continues: lessons from co-management institutional arrangements for governance of the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve in Kenya

The objective of this paper is to examine the current institutional arrangements for governance of the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve (ASFR) and show their major contribution in the ASFR co-management business of conserving the forest and providing livelihoods to the poor forest-dependent communities. Despite the fact that funding from non-governmental organizations ended, the ASFR co-management business did not stall. The institutional arrangements for co-management were deemed to be the major component that contributed to the continuation of the ASFR co-management business. To demonstrate this hypothesis, the paper explores four main areas that shape the institutional arrangement of the ASFR co-management regime, informed by common property theories: (1) how governance arrangement structures for the ASFR are organized; (2) villagers’ perceptions and awareness of the co-management structure; (3) co-management arrangement for access, ownership and use of the various forest resources; and (4) importance of the forest resources to the households. The co-management piloting and non-piloting communities adjacent to the forest and who have been depending on the forest as a source of their livelihoods are compared in order to understand the role of the ASFR co-management institutional arrangements in the sustainability of its business.     

基于蛙跳算法优化的生态环境质量评价的韦伯-费希纳指数公式

为了建立简便、实用的生态环境质量评价模型,在构建生态环境评价指标体系的基础上,设定各指标的参照值和规范变换式,使规范变换后的不同指标同级标准的规范值差异不大。进而提出了一个对多项指标的规范值都适用的生态环境质量评价的韦伯-费希纳(W-F)指数公式。采用混合蛙跳算法对公式的参数进行优化,得出优化后对多项指标皆适用的生态环境质量评价的W-F指数公式。运用该公式对巢湖流域的生态环境质量进行评价,其结果与该流域生态环境质量实际情况基本相符,表明模型有一定的实用性。     

快速模拟退火组合优化法在区域水环境质量评价中的应用

以地表水环境质量准标为基础,设定水体污染物的基准值,构建用于水体的一种环境质量评价的模型,利用快速模拟退火组合优化法对相关参数进行优化,而得到一个对多种水污染物都适用的综合水体环境质量评价指数公式。该公式形式简单,计算容易,评价结果具有可比性。     

基于指标规范变换的生态环境质量评价普适指数公式

为了建立科学合理、计算简便和实用性强的生态环境质量评价普适指数公式,在确定典型区域的生态环境评价指标体系及其分级标准的基础上,适当设定各项生态环境指标的参照值和指标值的(规范)变换式,使不同指标同级标准值的变换值差异较小,而变换值的对数值差异更小,从而可以认为用变换值表示的不同指标皆等效于某个指标。因此,用变换值表示的不同指标的某种类型的生态环境质量评价指数公式都可以用该等效指标的生态环境质量评价指数公式代替。在满足一定优化目标准则的条件下,用免疫进化粒子群混洗蛙跳算法对公式中的普适参数进行优化,分别得到优化后对23项生态环境指标皆适用的对数型幂函数、韦伯-费希纳定律、Γ型分布函数、污染危害S型函数和加权加和型幂函数5种形式的生态环质量评价普适指数公式,并对公式的可靠性进行了理论分析,对其实用效果进行了检验。     

诱导排烟系统应用于地下车库的实验研究

运用实验研究的方法分析了诱导排烟系统在地下车库中应用的可行性,研究了布置方式、诱导风速等敏感参数对排烟效果的影响,主要分析了火源上游不同位置处温度的变化。结果表明,诱导排烟系统能有效地抑制烟气向上游的逆流并能加强烟气的热对流,降低上游烟气的温度;另外,开启少于均匀布置诱导风机数目下,菱形布置诱导风机下的排烟效果优于均匀排列布置;在实验风速范围内,诱导排烟系统对上游烟气的控制和降温能力随着诱导风速的增加而提高,同时,在火源功率一定的条件下,增大诱导风速对控烟效果的改善存在临界值。     

Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies: protecting women's reproductive rights and maternal and infant health

Women have the right to support that enables them to breastfeed. Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies is important because artificial feeding places mothers and children at risk. In emergencies, artificial feeding is dangerous to the infant, difficult and requires substantial resources. In contrast, breastfeeding guards infant health. It is also protective against postpartum haemorrhage, maternal depletion, maternal anaemia and closely spaced births and should therefore concern not only nutritionists, but also those involved in reproductive health. However, it is common for women's ability to breastfeed to be undermined in emergencies by the indiscriminate distribution of breast-milk substitutes and the absence of breastfeeding support. Controlling the distribution of breast-milk substitutes, providing supportive environments, and appropriate medical and practical assistance to breastfeeding women safeguards the health and well-being of mothers and babies. Greater collaboration between the nutrition and reproductive health sectors is required to promote best practice in protecting breastfeeding women and their children in emergencies.     

要积极稳妥地开展中水回用工作

作者根据我国水资源缺乏的实际情况,借鉴国外经验,提出我国的管水战略和开展建立不同规模、多种形式的中水道系统,并根据中水的不同水质分别利用的中水回用工作。     

事件概率计算机中的一个恒等式

本文提出了一个恒等式,并讨论了它的应用。实践证明,该恒等式可作为一个公式,且非常实用。     

不同布局高层建筑群的风环境状况评价

采用数值模拟方法对由6幢方形截面高层建筑组成的建筑群的周围风环境进行了计算和分析。6幢建筑起初呈两行三列布置,通过改变各列建筑的横向间距,得到了6种不同布局型式的建筑群。对各建筑群周围人行高度处的风速比和风速矢量场进行了计算和分析、比较,据此对不同布局形式的建筑群的风环境状况作了评价,提出了通过调整平面布局改善高层建筑群风环境的措施和建议。