基于神经网络方法的复杂超静定结构失效概率分析

将整体结构按拓扑关系划分为若干模块,根据力的传递原理对模块结构进行失效概率计算,获得各模块结构的失效概率信息;运用有限元模拟分析获得整体结构的失效概率信息。再将模块结构的失效概率作为输入,整体结构的失效概率作为输出,构造样本集。以BP神经网络进行失效概率分析,既可提高计算速度和精度,也可利用其泛化能力对相同拓扑结构的超静定结构进行失效概率计算。算例中对包含5个模块结构的整体结构单元进行基于神经网络的失效概率分析,以网络外推能力计算了包含7模块结构的整体结构单元的失效概率,获得较好的计算精度,从而验证了该方法的有效性。     

九寨沟旅游设施非点源污染人工降雨实验

对九寨沟国家公园的旅游设施(栈道和公路)进行了人工降雨试验的设计、操作和测试数据分析.模拟试验选择6处公路和栈道试验区,采用人工降雨方法模拟历时30min的降雨.试验中按3 min间隔对各试验场降雨径流带出的总磷负荷进行现场监测.对公路和栈道降雨径流和浓度特征分别进行了相似性和异同性分析.     

小型人工湖泊水环境变化特征分析及驱动因子识别

小型人工湖泊能够改善城市水生态环境,但其易受外界环境的影响而使水体发生污染。为了探析小型人工湖泊水质和底泥中污染物的变化特征及引起水质污染的主要驱动因子,以郑州大学新校区的眉湖为例,结合现场监测与实验室检测数据,分析了水质和底泥中污染物的变化特征及作用机制;在分析水质影响因子间相关关系的基础上,通过主成分和主因子分析识别了影响小型人工湖泊水质的主要驱动因子,即透明度、水温、p H值、电导率、氧化还原电位、叶绿素a、藻类、流速、总磷和总氮。     

3种人工草地不同植被覆盖度实地测量方法比较

植被覆盖度是植被垂直投影面积占统计区域面积百分比;理想覆盖度实地测量方法耗时短,工具简单,结果准确,受人为因素影响小.以结缕草(Zoysia japonica)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)和雀稗(Paspalum thunbergii)人工草地为研究对象,以照相法测量值为参考,比较样线法、目估法、样针法...     

Use of artificial neural network black-box modeling for the prediction of wastewater treatment plants performance

A reliable model for any wastewater treatment plant is essential in order to provide a tool for predicting its performance and to form a basis for controlling the operation of the process. This would minimize the operation costs and assess the stability of environmental balance. This process is complex and attains a high degree of nonlinearity due to the presence of bio-organic constituents that are difficult to model using mechanistic approaches. Predicting the plant operational parameters using conventional experimental techniques is also a time consuming step and is an obstacle in the way of efficient control of such processes. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) black-box modeling approach was used to acquire the knowledge base of a real wastewater plant and then used as a process model. The study signifies that the ANNs are capable of capturing the plant operation characteristics with a good degree of accuracy. A computer model is developed that incorporates the trained ANN plant model. The developed program is implemented and validated using plant-scale data obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant, namely the Doha West wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It is used as a valuable performance assessment tool for plant operators and decision makers. The ANN model provided accurate predictions of the effluent stream, in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) when using COD as an input in the crude supply stream. It can be said that the ANN predictions based on three crude supply inputs together, namely BOD, COD and TSS, resulted in better ANN predictions when using only one crude supply input. Graphical user interface representation of the ANN for the Doha West WWTP data is performed and presented.     

上海世博园后滩湿地底栖动物群落特征与水质评价

2009年9月-2011年1月对上海世博园后滩湿地底栖动物群落进行了调查.结果发现,在后滩湿地共采集到53个物种,隶属4门,8纲.节肢动物门物种数最多为32种,占60.4％.底栖动物密度为(256.7 ±37.9) ind·m-2,生物量为(15.2±3.5) g·m-2.聚类分析表明,后滩湿地存在两类底栖动物群落:纹沼螺群落(未受投螺影响的群落,群落Ⅰ)和铜锈环棱螺群落(受投螺影响的群落,群落Ⅱ).双因素方差分析表明,群落Ⅱ的生物量显著高于群落Ⅰ,密度、多样性指数在群落类型间均无显著差异.对未受投螺影响水域的底栖动物而言,前后期群落优势类群均为软体动物,优势种为纹沼螺,但后期软体动物优势度(重要值)较前期下降28.6％,节肢动物优势度急剧增加260.0％,仅低于软体动物;后期群落的密度、物种数(S)、香农-威纳多样性指数(H’)、Margalef丰富度指数(R)及Pielou均匀度指数(J)较前期均有不同程度的增加,生物量及Simpson优势度指数(λ)前期高于后期,但除J外其它指标在两者间均无显著差异;Jaccard指数指示前后期群落极不相似.5种生物指数中,Carlander生物量指数、Hilsenhoff生物指数(BI)、H’与营养状态指数的水质评价结果最为接近,4个指标显示后滩湿地水质处于轻-中污染水平或中-富营养状态.     

基于人工神经网络的森林资源管理模型研究

介绍了人工神经网络方法，建立了森林资源管理的三层前馈反向传播神经网络模型，并与Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ函数进行了比较。仿真结果表明，人工神经网络模型优于Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ模型，可应用于森林资源动态模拟。     

Effects of redox potential on soil cadmium solubility: Insight into microbial community

Understanding the role of microbes in the solubility of cadmium (Cd) is of fundamental importance for remediation of Cd toxicity. The present study aimed to identify the microbes that involved in regulating Cd solubility and to reveal possible mechanisms. Therefore, microbial communities were investigated through high-throughput sequencing approach, the molecular ecological network was constructed and metagenomes were predicted. Our results indicated that redox conditions affected both the solubility of soil Cd and the microbial communities. Anaerobic microbes, such as Anaerolineaceae, did not only play important roles in shaping the microbial community in soils, but might also be involved in regulating the Cd solubility. Two possible mechanisms that how Anaerolineaceae involved in Cd solubility are (1) Anaerolineaceae are important organic matter degraders under anoxic conditions and (2) Anaerolineaceae can co-exist with methane metabolism microbes, while methane metabolism promotes the precipitation of soluble Cd. Thus, application of Anaerolineaceae in bioremediation of soil Cadmium contamination is a potential approach. The study provided a novel insight into the role of microbial community in the regulation of Cd solubility under different redox conditions, and suggested a potential approach for the remediation of soil Cd contamination.     

珠江三角洲潮汐河网水环境数学模型评述

对珠江三角洲潮汐河网水环境数学模型研究进行了系统的总结。结果表明：该河网地区一、二、三维水动力与不质数学模型在稳定性、收敛性及模拟精度方面已取得重大进展,而且提出了解决非线性项影响、河断面概化、潮汐动边界、自由表面非恒定运动以及不同维度模型之间的相互连接等难题的有效方法,但同时存在计算机耗时较多的缺点;在潮汐河网随机水质模型、污染物总量优化分配模型和区域水污染控制优化规划模型等方面也开展了探索性的     

类二 多氯联苯对赤子爱胜蚓生理活性的影响

通过人工土壤法,研究0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000μg/kg类二 多氯联苯暴露浓度对赤子爱胜蚓 (Eisenia fetida)抗氧化酶(SOD酶、CAT酶和GST酶)、抗氧化分子(GSH)、氧化损伤物(MDA)等生理活性指标在第2, 7, 14, 28d时的影响.结果显示,类二 多氯联苯刺激赤子爱胜蚓生理活性显著增加(P<0.05),可诱导蚯蚓抗氧化系统应答启动;不同暴露时间下,受试物浓度与蚯蚓生理活性的相关性分析显示,蚯蚓不同生理活性指标对受试物的最佳响应时间不同, Cu-Zn SOD响应最早(7d), SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA次之(14d), GST响应最迟(28d);在最佳响应时间下,受试物暴露浓度对数与生理活性值对数均存在显著的剂量-效应关系(P <0.001)