某核电站大气中主要污染物检测与分析

通过对某核电站现场采集的大气污染物样品进行检测与分析,获得该核电站所处环境中主要大气污染物的含量、变化范围及变化规律。通过对检测数据的对比分析,提出了该地区Cr含量的分布范围以及酸雨频繁的原因,为某核电站的防腐设计提供了科学依据。     

青岛市大气污染特征分析及防治对策

对青岛的空气质量监测数据进行了分析,分析结果表明：青岛市大气污染物主要是SO2、PM10与NO2,大气污染主要原因是工业废气和机动车尾气。本文还探讨了大气污染防治的新形势,提。出了大气环境质量的改善对策。     

海洋大气环境下高耐候性涂层体系的研究

针对海洋大气环境,开发了具有高耐候性的有机涂层体系,该涂层体系包括底漆和面漆。通过分析,确定了涂层体系的基本结构。通过综合性能测试,探讨了树脂玻璃化温度(tg)和各组分对涂层性能的影响。测试结果表明,该涂层体系具有良好的环境适应性,各项性能均能满足海洋大气环境下防腐漆的要求。     

大气中有机氯农药分析方法研究

采用GC-ECD标准曲线法测定大气中17种有机氯农药,采用索氏提取、旋转蒸发仪和氮吹仪浓缩前处理方法,测定空白加标精密度、准确度,样品加标精密度、准确度和方法检出限,结果表明大气中空白加标精密度、准确度分别在7.4～19.5%和81.7～114%之间,检出限在0.06～0.23 ng/m3之间。     

新型CO2和CH4混合标气标校流程及方法

基于光腔衰荡法Picarro G-1301型甚高分辨率分析仪自组装新型CO2和CH4混合标气标校系统,研究建立了简便高效的标校流程和方法.该系统操作简便,运行稳定,工作标气消耗更少,线性好,对环境大气浓度范围的CO2和CH4的分析精度分别优于0.06×10-6 mol·mol-1和0.3×10-9mol·mol-1,准...     

正定矩阵因子分解模型在环境中多环芳烃源解析方面的应用

<正>定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)自1993年开发至今,其在环境中持久性有毒物质(PTS),尤其是多环芳烃(PAHs)源解析中的应用取得了重大研究进展。简要介绍了PMF模型的基本原理,在综述该模型用于土壤/沉积物、大气及水体中PAHs源解析现状的基础上,结合其在实际工作的应用,评述了其在环境中PAHs源解析方面的应用潜力及发展前景。     

Response of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO2

The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.     

7A52铝合金及25CrMnSiA钢焊接件海洋大气应力腐蚀试验研究

目的研究7A52铝对接焊拉伸试样、25CrMnSiA钢对接焊拉伸试样的海洋大气应力腐蚀行为。方法利用自行设计制作的恒载荷大气应力腐蚀试验装置,在海南万宁站海洋大气环境中,分别采用7A52铝对接焊拉伸试样、25CrMnSiA钢对接焊拉伸试样进行海洋大气应力腐蚀试验研究。对试验中断裂的试样和未断裂的试样,进行表面腐蚀形貌、断口形貌、显微组织、显微硬度分布等分析。结果 7A52铝焊接件断裂在焊接部位,Cl-富集于SCC部分的含钙或含硫的第二相质点,促进了7A52铝焊接件应力腐蚀开裂。海洋大气应力腐蚀试验的25CrMnSiA钢焊接件断裂在母材部位,而实验室拉伸试验断裂在焊接部位。结论两种焊接件在海南海洋大气环境下均存在应力腐蚀开裂,裂纹萌生、扩展于朝向海洋方向的试样表面,存在"风脆"现象。     

中国8个城市大气多溴联苯醚的污染特征及人体暴露水平

利用大流量采样器采集了我国东西部地区8个城市的大气气相和颗粒相样品,分析了样品中8种多溴联苯醚.结果表明,气相中以BDE-28(三溴组分)浓度最高[(6.25±4.95)pg·m~(-3)]不同于以往研究中BDE-99和-47为气相中优势同系物单体;颗粒相中则以BDE-209浓度最高[(25.4±124)pg·m~(-3)].北京和广州这两个大型城市的大气PBDEs浓度较高,尤其是广州的颗粒相BDE-209浓度,比其他城市的浓度高两个数量级.与早期的观测结果相比,我国城市大气PBDEs浓度呈普遍的下降趋势.同时,对比发现气相浓度下降较慢,颗粒相浓度下降较快,结合相关性分析结果,这一现象可能与工业五溴和八溴联苯醚的停产禁用高溴组分的光降解及城市大气颗粒物浓度的降低有关.城市婴幼儿的吸入暴露量约为成人的2~3倍,反映出城市大气PBDEs对城镇居民尤其是婴幼儿的潜在健康危害仍不容忽略.     

兰州山谷大气污染的物理机制与防治对策

分析兰州的一些观测结果得到了这类山谷盆地日间和夜间大气逆温层形成的物理机制．由于山峰加热效应形成日间山谷强的脱地逆温层以及辐射冷却的山谷冷湖效应形成夜间强的逆温层,它们是造成这类特殊条件下的大气污染的根本原因。污染物吸收太阳辐射使上层空气加热,进一步加强了日间的逆温层。环境绿化能减小日间山峰加热效应和夜间辐射冷却造成的冷湖效应,以减弱逆温层减轻污染所以环境绿化是一种增加环境容量,减轻污染的有效措施。