植物生长调节剂在土壤中的环境行为综述

为保障粮食生产安全,植物生长调节剂在全球农业生产中发挥的作用越来越重要,近10年全球销售额的平均增长率高达14％以上.一直以来,大多数植物生长调节剂一直都被认为是低毒或者微毒农药,而近期研究发现很多植物生长调节剂及其在环境中的降解中间产物对人体或生物安全都存在直接或潜在威胁.作为植物生长调节剂进入食物链的关键环节,植物...     

化学吸收法采集固定污染源氨气的影响因素探究

固定污染源氨气的手工监测,干扰因素较多,其中采样环节尤为关键。实验通过催化氧化-化学发光法考察不同采样管线材质对氨气的吸附效果,离子色谱法考察化学吸收法采集氨气的吸收瓶类型、采样流量、吸收液种类、吸收液浓度及体积等采样条件对氨气吸收效率的影响。实验表明,316 L不锈钢与聚四氟乙烯对氨气的吸附较小,氨气的采样流量不宜超过1.0 L/min,棕色气泡式吸收瓶更适用于氨气样品的采集,磷酸溶液作吸收液对氨气的吸收效率较好,对于低浓度的氨气样品,应采用低流量长时间采集。     

磨盘山水库溶解性有机质光谱特性及来源分析

结合紫外可见吸收光谱与三维荧光光谱法,利用平行因子分析方法研究哈尔滨市磨盘山水库水体中的溶解性有机质（DOM）。结果表明,水体DOM吸收系数α355平均值为（4.71±0.66）m-1,表明水库中有色溶解性有机质（CDOM）较高;水库水体DOM存在3个荧光组分,分别为类腐殖质C1（345 nm、440 nm）、类腐殖质C2（285 nm、405 nm）和类富里酸组分C3（275 nm、475 nm）;C1、C3呈现显著的正相关性,自生源指数与C1呈显著的负相关性;类腐殖质的荧光强度在深层水体中逐渐增加,且深层水体的腐殖化程度较高,较为稳定;水库中心水体中DOM的自生源特征较其他区域明显,浮游植物和细菌的有机体降解产物增加。     

利用粉煤灰处理生活污水的试验研究

以火电厂贮灰场粉煤灰为吸附剂,以生、活污水为吸附对象,通过间歇吸附试验,分析了各因素对粉煤灰吸附性能的影响,并找出了粉煤灰对生活污水中化学耗氧物质(COD)的吸附规律。     

用活性白土为吸附剂处理含铬电镀废水的初步实验

论述了用活性白土为吸附剂,处理含铬电镀废水的最佳吸附条件：吸附剂的用量、吸附时间以及试液pH值对铬去除率的影响。做出了吸附等温线,并且对其吸附机理作了初步的探讨。另外指出了需进一步研究的问题。     

Influence of osmotic distillation on membrane absorption for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater

Osmotic distillation (OD) was found to be a coupled process in membrane absorption (MA) for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. As a result, ammonia could not be concentrated in absorption solution(AS) as expected. The inhibition of the coupled OD in MA process was investigated as well as various factors affecting the inhibition. The results indicated that the coupled OD can be effectively inhibited by heating concentrated solution and cooling dilute solution. It was also found that experimental minimum inhibition temperature difference(MITD) between concentrated and dilute solutions was different when using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) and polypropylene(PP) membranes respectively, which could be ascribed to material properties, such as OD and membrane distillation (MD) coefficients of the membranes. Experimental MITDs were found to be higher than theoretical MITDs which were calculated using a simplified method.     

蜂窝夹层结构及其在直升机噪声控制上的应用

介绍了传统蜂窝夹层结构,它是由蜂窝芯材耦合面板/薄膜组合而成,具有优异的降噪特性。为进一步提升蜂窝夹层结构的降噪性能,结合多孔吸声原理及“吸/隔声结构功能一体化”概念,将多孔吸声材料填充至蜂窝芯中,形成了基于多孔吸声的蜂窝夹层结构,但中、低频降噪性能较差。结合微穿孔板、亥姆霍兹共振理论,开发了基于共振吸声的单自由度蜂窝夹层结构,由蜂窝芯材耦合穿孔面板/薄膜组合而成,提升了中、低频降噪特性,但是依旧存在降噪频带过窄的问题,只能在某段特定频率范围内表现出良好的降噪特性。为此,研发了基于共振吸声的多自由度蜂窝夹层结构,利用各层穿孔面板/薄膜和蜂窝结构特性,实现了不同频率噪声控制。最后总结了蜂窝夹层结构在国内外直升机被动噪声控制上的应用情况,展望了新型蜂窝夹层结构的发展趋势。     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中痕量氟化物

研究并建立了测定水中痕量氟化物的氟试剂（ＡＬＣ）－流动注射分光光度法。将水样注入到水载流中,与ＡＬＣ－Ｌａ丙酮水溶液混合,在５０℃时反应生成蓝色三元络合物,在分光光度计上于波长６１８ｍｍ处进行检测。Ｆ＾－测定的线性范围为０．０４－３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,检出限为０．０３６ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

机体细胞镉摄入离子转运通道研究进展

镉是人体非必需金属离子,长期镉暴露易引发镉中毒。机体内没有负责镉转运的特定载体,镉可通过必需金属离子转运载体进入机体细胞。机体内能够转运镉的载体有多种,主要包括铁的转运载体二价金属离子转运蛋白1(DMT1)、钙离子通道(电压门控钙通道(VGCC)、瞬时感受器电位(TRP)和钙库调控的钙通道(SOC))以及锌铁调控蛋白ZIP家族中的ZIP8和ZIP14等,且不同的机体细胞镉吸收所需转运载体不同。转运载体对镉离子的转运符合米氏方程,不同载体调节镉吸收的米氏常数Km值不同。机体细胞镉的吸收是个复杂的过程,通常存在着多种转运载体的交互作用,机体细胞可根据环境变化而选择镉的转运载体。对镉的生理毒性,以及细胞镉吸收常用的转运载体类型加以阐述,并分析了不同机体细胞镉吸收的可能转运载体,以期为后续探究机体细胞镉吸收具体分子机制提供理论指导。     

A photolysis coefficient for characterizing the response of aqueous constituents to photolysis

UV photolysis and UV based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are gaining more and more attention for drinking water treatment. Quantum yield (ø) and molar absorption coefficient (ε) are the two critical parameters measuring the effectiveness of photolysis of a compound. The product of the two was proposed as a fundamental measure of a constituent’s amenability to transformation by photolysis. It was shown that this product, named the photolysis coefficient, k _p , can be determined using standard bench tests and captures the properties that govern a constituent’s transformation when exposed to light. The development showed the photolysis coefficient to be equally useful for microbiological, inorganic and organic constituents. Values of k _p calculated by the authors based on quantum yield and molar absorption coefficient data from the literature were summarized. Photolysis coefficients among microorganisms ranged from 8500 to more than 600000 and are far higher than for inorganic and organic compounds, which varied over a range of approximately 10 to 1000 and are much less sensitive to UV photolysis than the microorganisms.