催化动力学光度法研究褐藻对铜的吸附

应用催化动力学光度法研究了褐藻紫菜对铜离子的吸附作用 .结果表明 ,经过0 0 5mol·l- 1 氢氧化钠预处理的紫菜其吸附量最大 ,控制pH值为 3 6,其生物吸附作用是一种快速的过程 ,在 8min内吸附量为 1 3 2 6mg·g- 1 ,已基本达到平衡     

氨法脱硫工艺高氯吸收液净化研究

针对氨法脱硫工艺运行过程中,吸收液中Cl -不断富集,造成吸收效果降低,设备腐蚀加剧情况,采用水滑石工艺对高氯吸收液进行了脱氯研究。为保证氯离子脱除效果,采用钙盐沉淀法先将吸收液中的硫酸根脱除。在两种不同的水滑石工艺对比中,与合成水滑石相比,直接加入水滑石效果较好。在焙烧温度400 ℃,吸附1 h,水滑石与吸收液质量比为0.3时,氯离子脱除效果最好。     

酸化时间对磁性碳纳米管制备及吸附菲的影响

采用共沉淀法对混酸氧化的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）进行磁化,形成了Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs磁性复合材料（MMWCNTs）.研究了酸化时间对MMWCNTs制备及其吸附水中菲性能的影响.结果表明：弱酸条件下吸附效果较好,MMWCNTs对水中菲的吸附在30min内快速上升,到60min时基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.MMWCNTs对水中菲的饱和吸附量随酸化时间增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势.酸化7h后制备的MMWCNTs的饱和吸附量最大,达到17.56μg/mg.     

用于直升机舱内降噪的主减支撑吸振技术研究

目的 通过控制主减速器结构声,进一步实现直升机舱内降噪。方法 在主减支撑结构上进行吸振设计,从根源上抑制齿轮振动向机身传播。基于某直升机,利用传递矩阵法,建立支撑结构/吸振器的动力学模型,进一步结合有限元法建立支撑结构/舱段结构/声场的声振耦合系统动力学模型,验证该技术的中高频减振和降噪性能。在此基础上,分析吸振频率、质量和阻尼对支撑结构振动传递特性的影响规律。根据某直升机的降噪需求,设计得到一组满足需求的样例参数,并开展声振耦合仿真分析。结果 在主减支撑结构上附加总质量为4 kg的吸振器结构,即可实现舱内目标频率降噪超过35 dB。结论 主减支撑结构吸振设计可有效控制舱内中高频主减结构声。     

Absorption of atmospheric phenol by various tree species and their tolerance to phenol

To assess the effect of tree planting on atmospheric phenol, a study was made on the absorption of phenol by various tree species and the tolerance of these species to phenol. The absorption rates ranged from 21.3 (camellia) to 129 ng dm^‐2h^‐1 ppb^‐1 (Japanese elm) at 1000 μmol of photons m^‐2 s^‐1, and the absorption rate increased in the following order: coniferous tree species ? evergreen broad‐leaved tree species < deciduous broad‐leaved tree species. When the light intensity was varied, a linear relationship between the phenol absorption rate and the transpiration rate was observed for three tree species. In comparison with the absorption rate estimated from a simplified gas diffusive resistance model, we conclude that phenol is absorbed through the stomata and is metabolized fairly rapidly within the leaf tissue, although the absorption rate is less than the estimated potential absorption rate. At phenol concentrations below 200 ppb, the tree can absorb atmospheric phenol for at least 8 h without any visible foliar injury. Trees in general could act as an important sink for atmospheric phenol at phenol concentrations less than 200 ppb, a concentration about twenty times higher than normal ambient levels.     

南京北郊大气棕碳吸光特性、来源及其季节变化特征

大气棕碳(BrC)是对大气颗粒物中具有吸光能力的一类有机物的总称，其对空气能见度及气候系统均有重要影响.自2021年3月至2022年2月底于南京北郊利用黑碳仪测定了气溶胶中BrC的光吸收系数，利用最小相关性法分别定量一次(BrC_pri)和二次棕碳(BrC_sec)贡献，结合后向轨迹、潜在来源和日均变化，分析季节变化特征.结果表明，观测期间BrC的平均光吸收系数(370 nm)为(7.76±7.17)Mm^-1,对于总气溶胶光吸收贡献率为(22.0±8.8)%.不同波长下棕碳吸光系数在四季呈现U字形变化，即春季和冬季高，夏季和秋季低.BrC_pri和BrC_sec(370 nm)全年光吸收贡献分别为(62.9±21.4)%和(37.1±21.4)%;前者在四季均占主导，但随着波长增加，BrC_sec的贡献逐渐增加并最终占主导(如在660 nm时).除冬季以外，BrC在其他季节受到来自海上气团的显著影响，而冬季受当地及周边地区排放影响更为显著.交通排放在春、夏和秋季对一...     

Evaluation of flow injection analysis method with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of atrazine in soil extracts

A method for determining atrazine in soil extracts was evaluated by flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection. The method is based on the reaction of atrazine with pyridine in an acid medium followed by the reaction with NaOH and sulfanilic acid. Several analytical conditions were previously studied and optimized. Under the best conditions of analysis, the limits of detection and quantification were 0.15 and 0.45 mg L^?1, respectively, for a linear response between 0.50 and 2.50 mg L^?1, and a sampling throughput of 21 determinations per hour. Using the standard addition method, the maximum relative standard deviation of 17% and recovery values between 80 and 100% were observed for three extracts from soil samples with different composition. The proposed method is simple, low-cost and easy to use, and can be employed for studies involving atrazine in soil samples or for screening of atrazine in soils.     

土壤-苦丁茶树系统中铅的GF-AAS测定及其分布特性

采集不同苦丁茶树的根、茎、叶及对应的土壤样品,经过清洗、烘干、研磨等预处理后,采用高压密封罐加热消解,加入磷酸氢二铵作为基体改进剂,通过氘灯扣除背景,以石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)测定样品中的铅,铅浓度在0.000—60.000ng.ml-1时与吸光度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9999,检出限为0.200ng.ml-1,方法精密度RSD5%,回收率93%—107%.用上述方法研究土壤-苦丁茶树系统中铅的分布表明,各种苦丁茶树及土壤中铅的分布具有类似规律,即土壤中铅含量远高于茶树中,茶树的地下部分含量分布为:吸收根主根,地上部分为:枯叶茎老叶嫩叶,其中嫩叶中铅含量远低于限量指标(Pb≤5.0μg.g-1),对茶叶服用的安全性有利.     

土壤-苦丁茶树系统中Cu的分布及迁移富集规律

采用火焰原子吸收光谱（FAAS）技术,测定出苦丁茶冬青（Ilex kudingcha C．J．Tseng）的根、茎、叶及其栖息土壤中Cu的含量,并对土壤．苦丁茶树系统中Cu的分布特征进行了研究,以探讨苦丁茶树对Cu的富集规律。结果表明：栖息土壤中Cu的含量不同时,苦丁茶树巾Cu的含量表现出吸收根〉嫩叶〉茎〉主根;茶树对Cu的吸收存在饱和特性,表现为随土壤Cu含量升高,茶树对Cu的富集系数和传输效率降低,使得根际土壤中Cu含量高于非根际土壤。同时对土壤剖面不同深度Cu含量研究表明：苦丁茶栖息土壤中Cu含量呈现出随土层深度增加而增加的垂直分布趋势。本研究旨在认清Cu迁移到苦丁茶树的内在规律,以利于进一步研究其迁移的调控,使苦丁茶产品中元素处在安全有效的利用范围内。