酵母菌对不同液相体系中锌离子的吸附行为

主要对面包酵母菌在Zn2+和Zn2+-Pb2+两种离子体系中Zn2+的吸附行为进行了探讨。选择灭活面包酵母菌为吸附剂,对pH、菌体加入量等吸附影响因素进行了探讨并进行了吸附动力学过程和等温吸附效果的研究。结果表明,不同离子体系中相同初始浓度情况下,动力学研究显示实验所用面包酵母菌对溶液中Zn2+而言是一种快速高效的生物吸附剂,且在整个吸附过程中存在:qt(Pb2+)qt(Zn2+-Pb2+)qt(Zn2+)。实验条件下,以单离子体系中的Zn2+、Pb2+和双离子体系中的总离子为研究对象时,都能很好符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,计算获得面包酵母菌对不同离子体系的最大吸附量大小顺序为:qmax(Zn2+-Pb2+)qmax(Zn2+)qmax(Pb2+);然而通过对动力学吸附过程、实际平衡吸附量qeqex、吸附能力参数KL和EDS测试结果的综合分析,认为面包酵母菌对各体系中离子的吸附能力大小顺序为:Pb2(单+)(Zn2+-Pb2+)Zn(2单+)。同时认为Pb2+的存在对面包酵母菌吸附Zn2+的行为过程具有强烈抑制作用。     

测定地表水及饮用水中硫酸盐的两种方法探讨

通过比较两种监测分析方法,分析了测定硫酸盐分光光度法的影响因素、存在问题,以及火焰原子吸收法的优点,提出对不同浓度范围的硫酸盐,宜采用合适的分析方法,以减小测定的误差,提高测定结果的准确性和科学性。     

潜水推流器的技术提升

为解决传统潜水推流器故障率高、可靠性低、使用寿命短的技术问题,对主机和安装系统进行多方面的技术提升,原创"玻璃钢叶轮、微型潜水式减速机构、V锥夹固式吸振耦合座"三大核心技术和"内外组合式动密封机构、电缆进线密封防损坏装置、水上悬挂式安装系统"三大应用技术,使设备主机结构、水力结构、安装结构有了大的创新和突破,极大地提高了设备的机械性能,水力性能,同时工况适应性和降耗节能性大大增强。     

Polymer coating of copper oxide nanoparticles increases nanoparticles uptake and toxicity in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are frequently used in a polymer-coated form, to be included in paints or fabrics for antimicrobial properties. Their application in antifouling paints may lead to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems. However, the toxicological risk of NPs in the environment is hard to evaluate due to a lack of knowledge on the mechanisms of NP interaction with biological systems. In this study, we investigated the effect of polymer coating on CuO NP toxicity in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by comparing bare and polymer-coated CuO NPs prepared from the same CuO nanopowder. Both CuO NP suspensions were toxic to C. reinhardtii after 6 h treatment to concentrations of 0.005-0.04 g L⁻¹. Bare and polymer-coated CuO NPs induced a decrease of Photosystem II activity and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Polymer-coated CuO NP was found to be more toxic than the uncoated CuO NP. The higher toxicity of CS-CuO NP was mainly associated with the increased capacity of polymer-coated CuO NP to penetrate the cell compared to bare CuO NPs. These results indicates that the high toxicity of polymer-coated CuO NPs in algal cells results of intracellular interactions between NPs and the cellular system.     

快速高效丙烯酸系吸油树脂的合成及性能研究

采用悬浮聚合法合成了低交联度的丙烯酸系高吸油性树脂。研究了单体配比、交联剂用量及种类、分散剂用量和反应温度等反应条件对树脂吸油性能的影响,并且考察了树脂对4种有机毒物(氯苯、吡啶、硝基苯和甲苯) 的吸油效果。结果表明,吸油5 h后,树脂对氯苯、吡啶、硝基苯及甲苯的最大吸油率分别为37.3、34.1、30.5和23.7 g/g;另外,树脂吸油10 min时,其吸油率即可达到最大吸油率的50%。实验证明,该合成树脂对有机毒物有快速高效的吸附效果,可以应用于污染事故应急处理。     

真空膜蒸馏和膜吸收及其集成工艺处理高氨氮废水

采用PP中空纤维膜组件,对VMD(真空膜蒸馏)和MA(膜吸收)脱氨过程进行了研究。考察了料液p H值(9.0~11.0)、料液进口温度(20~50℃)对脱氨效率的影响。研究结果表明,VMD和MA脱除率分别达85%和99%以上。料液p H和料液进口温度对VMD脱氨效果的影响较大,提高料液p H和进口温度可以明显提高VMD的脱氨效率;料液p H对MA的脱氨效率影响较为显著。对2种膜工艺进行了技术集成,利用该集成工艺可达到99.96%以上的氨去除率,出水可达标排放,并且可以有效防止硫酸铵的二次污染。     

4种重金属离子对间接火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铝的干扰

空气-乙炔间接火焰原子吸收法是我国目前运用较多且易于推广的铝检测方法,研究了Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+和Ni2+4种离子对此法测定0.40 mg/L Al3+的干扰情况。得出如下结论:(1)在±5%误差范围内,15.10 mg/L Mg2+、105.00mg/L Ca2+、0.23 mg/L Zn2+、0.88 mg/L Ni2+对0.40 mg/L Al3+无干扰。(2)本方法虽然操作复杂,但成本较低、灵敏度高,检测的浓度范围宽、稳定性好,加标回收率为96%~99%,检出限为0.04 mg/L,适宜测定范围为0.05~100.00 mg/L,适用于饮用水、河水及地下水中Al3+的测定。     

臭氧氧化结合碱液吸收法烟气脱硝的工艺研究

利用臭氧将烟气中溶解度较小的NO氧化成NO2,再结合尿素、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙溶液吸收脱除臭氧氧化产物,重点考察了O3与NO反应的摩尔比、进口NO浓度、烟气中SO2浓度和相对湿度等工艺参数对NO氧化的影响,并探明不同的吸收液脱除臭氧氧化产物的特性。结果显示O3与NO反应的最佳摩尔比为1.02,随着进口NO浓度的增加氧化效率下降,而烟气中的SO2和相对湿度对NO氧化影响较小。通过对氢氧化钙吸收臭氧氧化产物的特性分析得出,碱液对NO的吸收率相对较小,而对NO2的吸收率达到80%以上。     

Validation of a hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry methodology for determination of mercury in fish designed for application in the Brazilian national residue control plan

In the present study, a method for the determination of mercury (Hg) in fish was validated according to ISO/IEC 17025, INMETRO (Brazil), and more recent European recommendations (Commission Decision 2007/333/EC and 2002/657/EC) for implementation in the Brazilian Residue Control Plan (NRCP) in routine applications. The parameters evaluated in the validation were investigated in detail. The results obtained for limit of detection and quantification were respectively, 2.36 and 7.88 μg kg^?1 of Hg. While the recovery varies between 90–96%. The coefficient of variation was of 4.06–8.94% for the repeatability. Furthermore, a comparison using an external proficiency testing scheme was realized. The results of method validated for the determination of the mercury in fish by Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry were considered suitable for implementation in routine analysis.     

高碘酸钾分光光度法测定电解锰渣中的Mn（Ⅱ）

实验定量研究了存在Ca2＋、Mg2＋和Fe3＋时,应用高碘酸钾分光光度法测定Mn2＋的准确性,旨在探讨应用该方法准确测定电解锰渣中Mn（Ⅱ）的可行性。结果发现Ca2＋浓度超过320 mg/L时,测定过程中会产生大量絮状乳白色沉淀,对Mn2＋的测定结果产生干扰。经过16 h的自然沉降,干扰被彻底消除。Mg2＋在浓度为0~192 mg/L范围内对Mn2＋浓度的测定不产生干扰。同时,Fe3＋的存在对Mn2＋浓度的测定产生灵敏的干扰,使用掩蔽剂氟化钾可以减少Fe3＋的干扰,但却不能彻底消除Fe3＋的干扰。提出了在电解锰行业中,没有彻底地消除Ca（Ⅱ）或Fe（Ⅲ）的干扰因素前,需要更为精确地测定Mn（Ⅱ）的浓度,不建议使用高碘酸钾分光光度法。