Preparation,characterization and toxic activity of oxovanadium(IV) mixed-ligand complexes

New oxovanadium(IV) mixed-ligand complexes of the general composition [VO(L)(A)], where KHL?=?potassium salt of salicylideneglycine, A¹?=?bis(benzylidene)ethylenediamine, A²?=?bis (acetophenone)ethylenediamine, A³?=?di(2-pyridyl)amine, A⁴?=?bis(benzylidene)-1,8-diaminonaphthalene, A⁵?=?thiophene-o-carboxaldene-aniline, A⁶?=?thiophene-o-carboxaldene-p-anisidine, have been synthesized by the interaction of these ligands with vanadyl sulphate. The mixed-ligand complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, electronic and infrared spectra. An octahedral structure has tentatively been assigned to all of the mixed-ligand complexes. The mixed-ligand complexes show higher toxic activity against the Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Serratia mercescen as compared to the ligands, vanadyl sulphate and control (dimethyl sulphoxide). The mixed-ligand complexes were also tested against a standard drug (tetracycline).     

Antibacterial and antimutagenic activitiy of extracts and essential oil from (Tunisian) Pistacia lentiscus

Aqueous and flavonoid-enriched extract as well as essential oil (EO) obtained from leaves of Pistacia lentiscus were assessed for antibacterial and antimutagenic activities. Antibacterial activity of different extracts and EO were evaluated against six bacterial strains. A marked inhibitory effect was observed against Salmonella typhimurium, whereas lower activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enteritidis. EO showed significant inhibitory effects against Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimutagenic activity of the different extracts against Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and sodium azide was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhymurium assay. The number of revertants per plate decreased significantly when the plant extracts were added to the assay system using Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98 and TA1535.     

Synthesis,structural elucidation,electro-chemical behaviour and fungitoxic activity of transition metal(II) mixed-ligand complexes with some Schiff bases

The Schiff bases, potassium salt of salicylidene-β-alanine [KHL], bis(benzylidene)ethylenediamine [SB¹] and thiophene-o-carboxaldene-p-toluidine [SB²], and mixed-ligand complexes with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have been prepared. They were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurements, thermogravimetric analyses (t.g.a.), infrared spectra and electronic spectra. The mixed-ligand complexes were found to have the general composition [M(L)(SB)(H₂O)]. All the mixed-ligand complexes were found to have six-coordinated octahedral geometry. The fungitoxic activity of the ligands, metal salts, control (DMSO), bavistin, emcarb, and mixed-ligand complexes were screened against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus. All the mixed-ligand complexes show higher fungitoxic activity as compared to the Schiff bases, metal nitrate and control (dimethyl sulphoxide, DMSO), and moderate fungitoxic activity as compared to the fungicides (bavistin and emcarb).     

Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbial activity in a field soil planted with perennial ryegrass

Dissipation and plant uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated agricultural soil planted with perennial ryegrass were investigated in a field experiment. After two seasons of grass cultivation the mean concentration of 12 PAHs in soil decreased by 23.4% compared with the initial soil. The 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-ring PAHs were dissipated by 30.9%, 25.5%, 21.2%, and 16.3% from the soil, respectively. Ryegrass shoots accumulated about 280 μg·kg^-1, shoot dry matter biomass reached 2.48 × 10⁴ kg·ha^-1, and plant uptake accounted for about 0.99% of the decrease in PAHs in the soil. Significantly higher soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity were observed in planted soil than that in the unplanted control. The results suggest that planting ryegrass may promote the dissipation of PAHs in long-term contaminated agricultural soil, and plant-promoted microbial degradation may be a main mechanism of phytoremediation.     

曝气强度对膜生物反应器运行特性的影响

以膜生物反应器（MBR）处理模拟生活废水为研究体系,考察曝气强度对系统污染物去除效果、脱氢酶活性、胞外聚合物（EPS）组分和含量、Zeta电位、污泥粒径及跨膜压差等的影响.结果表明,随着曝气强度降低,COD去除率变化不大,均大于94.0%,脱氢酶活性明显降低,VSS/SS比值下降;污泥LB-EPS增加,Zeta电位降低,污泥平均体积粒径减小,膜通量下降速率增大.曝气强度为800—400 L.m-.2h-1的条件下,曝气产生的水力剪切力不是影响污泥粒径大小的主导因素,污泥Zeta电位则起着决定作用,但水力剪切力有利于缓解膜污染.     

人类活动对上海市生物多样性空间格局的影响

为了揭示人类活动对城市化地区生物多样性空间格局的影响及其景观生态学机制,文章将上海市作为研究对象,选择3个人类活动指标、3个主要类型生态系统的4个景观特征指标与8个生物多样性指标,探讨人类活动强度、野生动植物生境景观特征及生物多样性三者之间的相互关系。结果显示,人口增长和城市扩张对上海市生物多样性的空间格局产生了显著影响。在上海地区,人口密度较高、交通较为发达的区域,湿地和农田的景观连续性较低,生物多样性也较低,外来入侵物种丰度较高。这表明在快速城市化过程中,人类活动通过改变野生动植物栖息地景观质量来对区域生物多样性产生影响。本研究还显示,经济发展并非一定对生物多样性具有负面影响。因此,在保持经济发展的同时,通过优化产业结构与加强生物多样性管理,可实现对生物多样性有效保护。     

女贞枝叶挥发物对小白鼠自发活动的影响

采用旷场实验,通过连续6天的实验观察,分析昆明种小白鼠在不同浓度女贞枝叶挥发气味环境中处理后其行为指标的变化,研究了女贞枝叶挥发物对小白鼠自发活动的影响,以此来客观评价女贞挥发物的保健功能。结果表明:1)处理组小白鼠运动总路程大于对照组,表明女贞挥发物有助于提高小白鼠的兴奋性。2)中央活动路程和站立次数两项指标呈现阶段性变化,探究适应阶段处理组小白鼠的指标数值显著高于对照组,熟悉环境阶段组间差异减小,但处理组的指标数值下降幅度小于对照组,表明女贞挥发物有利于促进小白鼠的探究性行为,提高其感知能力、学习和记忆力水平。3)实验过程中处理组小白鼠的粪便粒数始终比对照组少,表明女贞枝叶挥发物有利于缓解小鼠对新环境的紧张状态。     

旅游活动对九华山风景区土壤的冲击影响

旅游活动对风景区自然环境影响是旅游生态学研究的重要方向,其中土壤是受其影响最敏感的环境因素之一,也是研究的热点。在九华山风景区选择6条主要游道,设置了21条调查样带,每条样带由近游道向远离游道的方向依次选取4个连续样方,每个样方面积设置为1m×1m。记录了土壤的硬度、枯枝落叶层的厚度、土壤腐殖质层厚度等指标,并取168份土样带回实验室测定。运用土壤冲击指数和土壤含水量、容重等指标对所获得的数据进行统计分析,并用SPSS13的LSD和Pearson对结果进行显著性和相关性检验。结果表明：①土壤的硬度增加率、枯枝落叶层厚度减少率和土壤腐殖质层厚的减少率都由近游道向远离游道的方向逐渐递减,土壤冲击指数也呈现同样的规律,且差异显著（P＜0.05）;②土壤含水量由近游道向远离游道的方向逐渐增加、土壤容重则逐渐降低,但在距游道2 m以外的样方变化不明显;③游道的旅游活动量与土壤受到的影响具有相关性,相关性主要集中在距离游道2 m的范围内;④样带的高度、坡度与土壤受到影响的程度呈现一定的相关性。     

太湖大浦口河口区沉积物中铁、磷的地球化学特征

对太湖西部大浦口河口区沉积物中的w(Fe2+),w(TP)和w(Fe-P)及间隙水中ρ(Fe2+)和ρ(PO₄3-)的空间及垂向分布特征进行了测定分析. 结果表明,上覆水中,河道的各项指标均大于湖区及河口,而在河道与河口沉积物中w(TP)基本相似,均小于湖区. 在河口沉积物垂向剖面上,存在约5,9及11 cm 的3个明显变化阶段. w(Fe-P)占w(TP)的16.7%～47.8%,与ρ(TP)的相关性较好(R0.526),但与其他指标的相关性并不明显. Fe-P是重要的磷形态,厌氧状态下有向间隙水解析扩散的潜力,并形成Fe3+与Fe2+间的转换. 间隙水中ρ(PO₄3-)与w(Fe-P)/w(TP)和ρ(Fe2+)存在非对应性,但与ρ(Fe)呈显著相关(R0.853).河口区PO₄3-的迁移转化受多种因素的作用,复杂的水动力活动和地球化学作用是主要控制因素.      

硝基苯、苯胺对湿地土壤微生物和脲酶活性的影响

通过室内培养试验研究不同w(硝基苯)和w(苯胺)下,湿地土壤w(微生物量碳),土壤呼吸强度和脲酶活性的变化特征.结果表明,输入硝基苯和苯胺后,前期w(微生物量碳)明显降低.w(硝基苯)和w(苯胺)分别为10和100mg/kg的处理前期对土壤呼吸表现为促进作用,后期表现为抑制作用; 随处理浓度的提高,作用强度和作用时间有所加剧和延长.w(硝基苯)和w(苯胺)均为100 mg/kg,处理7 d后,前者对土壤呼吸的抑制作用大于后者; 而w(硝基苯)为1mg/kg的处理对土壤呼吸几乎无影响.不同w(硝基苯)的处理对土壤脲酶活性影响不显著,处理5 d后均表现为弱的激活作用;w(苯胺)为1和10 mg/kg的处理对脲酶活性一直表现为弱的激活作用;w(苯胺)为100 mg/kg的处理表现为抑制作用.