臭氧光催化降解地下水中天然有机物的研究

在现场开展了中试规模的臭氧光催化降解天然有机物的研究.研究表明,对大分子天然有机物占很大比例且重碳酸盐含量较高的地下水,臭氧投加量10 mg/L和反应时间10 min条件下,TOC的去除率不到20%,但UV254和三卤甲烷生成潜力(THMFP)去除率分别达到近60%和33.5%.臭氧光催化与活性炭吸附相连,能显著提高UV254的THMFP的去除率,但TOC去除率并不明显高于单独活性炭吸附.臭氧光催化使大分子有机物转化为小分子有机物,后者在活性炭上的吸附性提高且生化性改善,可望在生物活性炭上更有效地去除.     

《环境科学》征稿简则

1.来稿报道成果要有创新性,论点明确,文字精炼,数据可靠.全文不超过8000字（含图、表、中英文摘要及参考文献）.国家自然科学基金项目、国家科技攻关项目、国际合作项目或其它项目请在来稿中注明（在首页以脚注表示）．作者投稿时请先蹙陆我刊网站（www．hjkx．ac．cn）进行注册,注册完毕后以作者身份登录,按照页面给出的提示信息投稿即可．     

Effects of copper on lipid peroxidation,glutathione, metallothionein,and antioxidative enzymes in the freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina

Copper is an essential element to all animals. At elevated concentrations, it is toxic and can participate in the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular damage. In this study, the ecotoxicological relevance of copper was investigated with freshwater mussels, Anodonta anatina. When the mussels were exposed to copper at environmentally realistic concentrations, either via the water (0.3?µmol?L^?1 Cu) or fed with Cu-loaded algae (equivalent to 0.06?µmol?L^?1 Cu), the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances rose and glutathione decreased. This was associated with the induction of metallothionein and, relative to total protein, of glutathione reductase and the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. But, since the overall protein-synthetic capacity was hampered by the copper insult, the activities of the enzymes relative to tissue weight and copper concentrations were depressed. During depuration, most parameters started to normalize although not returning to control values within 12 days.     

有毒物质毒性效应数据库在化学灾害性事故中的作用

介绍了国内外主要的有毒物质毒性效应数据库,其中包括英国DESCNET系统,美国化学信息网(CSIN)和化学物质毒性效应登记(RTECS),联合国环境规划署的潜在有毒化学品国际登记中心(IRPTC),匈牙利生物活性天然产物数据库(BNPD),中国国家有毒化学品基础数据库(NRPTC),中国防化研究院的化学毒物数据库(CTDB),化工部化工毒物咨询中心(CTSIS),中国预防医学科学院有毒化学品资料数据检索和咨询系统,中科院生态环境研究中心三致效应数据库。评述了各数据库的数据源、数据覆盖范围、数据的运行环境和检索方式等。     

Fate of the veterinary antibiotic 14C-difloxacin in soil including simultaneous amendment of pig manure with the focus on non-extractable residues

The fate of ¹⁴C-labeled difloxacin (¹⁴C-DIF) was studied in time course experiments after application on soil (Ap horizon of silt loam) and amendment of authentic DIF containing pig manure (146 mL kg^?1; 4.17 MBq kg^?1; 0.85 mg kg^?1) or water (124 mL kg^?1; 0.42 MBq kg^?1; 0.09 mg kg^?1) for 56 and 120 days of incubation, respectively.

Mineralization of ¹⁴C-DIF was below 0.2% in both experiments after 56 days or 120 days. In the course of the experiments, portions of extractable radioactivity (Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE); acetonitrile-water) decreased to 19–21% depending only little on manure amendment. Non-extractable residues of ¹⁴C-DIF increased to 70–74% after 56 days and 120 days, respectively, and therefore were the main route of ¹⁴C-DIF in soil. According to radioanalytical HPLC and LC-MS/MS, only the parent compound was found in all extracts over the whole time of the experiment. According to fractionation of the non-extractable residues (NER) into particle size fractions, ¹⁴C portions were associated to the water used for fractionation, the silt and clay fractions, whereas no radioactivity was detected in the sand fraction. The majority of ¹⁴C was found within the clay fractions.

Fractionation of humic components showed that radioactivity derived from ¹⁴C-DIF was associated with humic acids, fulvic acids, humins and minerals and very little with soluble, non-humic HCl fraction. The highest portions of radioactivity were found in the fulvic acid fraction. Results obtained by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of the purified fulvic acids were similar for every sample analyzed. One large portion of ¹⁴C co-eluted with fulvic acids of a molecular weight below 910 g mol^?1. Both fractionation methods demonstrated that the parent compound DIF or initial metabolites were rapidly integrated into humic materials and, thus, were major components of NER.     

Interaction of humic substances and hematite: FTIR study

IntroductionInteractionsofhumicsubstances(HSs)andironoxidesareofgreatsignificanceinmanygeochemicalprocesses.ItisclearthatadsorptionofHSstothesurfaceofironoxidescangreatlyinfluencethepropertiesofsuchsurfaces,thuspotentialaffectthefate,behavior,transportandtransformationofenvironmentalpollutants(Mcknight,1992).Ononehand,whenadsorbedtosurfacesofironoxides,HSsmaybindandhenceimmobilizetracemetals,radionucilides,andnonionicorganicpollutants,andtheyalsoalteroxidesurfacechargepropertiesandflocculat…     

新型污染物卤代咔唑的环境行为及生态毒理效应

卤代咔唑(PHCs)是一类与多氯二苯并呋喃结构相类似的新型环境有机污染物.单种卤素取代的PHCs具有135个同系物.绝大多数PHCs不是人类合成化学品或工业品.虽然20世纪80年代即首次在环境中发现PHCs,但直到本世纪这类化合物才逐渐引起人们的关注.近年来,20余种PHCs在河流湖泊沉积物和土壤中被陆续检出.另外,PHCs具有类二噁英毒性、持久性和生物累积性.作为一类新型污染物,PHCs的环境行为研究目前相对较少.因此,了解PHCs的环境分布、来源和生态毒理效应对正确认识这类化合物的环境风险具有重要意义.本文综述了PHCs的环境分布、来源、分析方法和生态毒理效应,并对其未来的研究发展方向作了展望.     

新化学物质GHS水生环境危害分类探讨

为推动全球化学品统一分类和标签制度（GHS）在我国的技术实施,结合2004—2012年常规(正常)申报登记新化学物质的水生环境危害分类情况,探讨了新化学物质GHS水生环境危害分类方法,对分类标准应用、数据选择、分类程序、危害类别判定、分类结论表达等方面进行论述,分析了常见难于试验新化学物质分类方法,明确了分类涉及的相关技术问题。     

苯酚-硫酸法测定好氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物中多糖浓度的研究

以葡萄糖为对照,优选苯酚-硫酸法测定胞外聚合物中多糖含量的显色条件,对此法精密度进行研究。结果表明,此测定方法显色稳定,重复性好,但回收率欠佳,测得的多糖含量要大于实际值。     

Factors affecting the concentration of bisphenol A in leachates from solid waste disposal sites and its fate in treatment processes

 The concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) contained in landfill leachates from solid waste disposal sites were measured. The concentrations of BPA contained in leachates from industrial waste sites were in the range below the detection limit to 2800 μg/l, while those from municipal sites were in the range 26–8400 μg/l. The leachates from ash-rich sites contained relatively lower concentrations of BPA compared with organic-rich leachates. It is suggested that BPA concentration increases with time after the completion of reclamation in the case of ash-rich sites, whereas the concentration of BPA decreases with time in the case of organic-rich sites. A 7-year survey on a site in Japan showed neither a decrease nor an increase in the concentration of BPA during on-going reclamation. A leachate from a site in the Philippines contained high concentrations of BPA. A slight positive correlation was found between BPA concentrations and total organic carbon (TOC). A major portion of the BPA in leachates was found in dissolved and organic unassociated fractions, which cannot be precipitated by coagulation. More than 99.9% of the BPA contained in raw leachates was removed by a conventional series of treatment processes consisting of biological treatment, coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, and activated carbon adsorption. Received: May 29, 2002 / Accepted: October 17, 2002