关中盆地地-气系统灾变的节律性及耦合关系

依据丰富而系统的历史资料，建立了关中盆地历史地震与旱涝灾害两个数据库，分析了近2000a来地-气系统环境灾变的节律性及耦合关系。结果发现：(1)地震活动具有一定的节律性，并先后经历了3个平静期和3个活跃期，平静期与活跃期呈交替出现，具有3～4个世纪的周期；(2)较为严重的干旱、洪涝灾害亦具有一定的周期性，先后经历了2个洪涝期和3个干旱期，其较长尺度的转换周期亦为3～4个世纪；(3)在世纪尺度上，地震活动与旱涝灾害具有某种耦合关系，表现为在地震活动的活跃期，旱涝灾害呈多发性，而在地震活动的平静期，旱涝灾害较为稀少；(4)以较大级别的地震群发为节点，地气系统环境灾变的耦合关系具有先旱→后震→再涝的演替特征。基于上述事实，提出了一个地-气系统环境灾变的概念模型，对地震与旱涝灾害的耦合关系给出了确定性解释。为关中盆地世纪尺度的环境灾变群发性预测提供了新的依据。     

气候环境试验设备温度参数数据处理方法的分析与探讨

不同的温度参数数据处理方法有不同的计算结果,本文针对检测与评定气候环境试验设备的技术性能中存在的问题,分析了三个标准(GB 11158-89、GB/T 5170.1-1995、JTM K 05-1991)的温度参数数据处理方法,比对了二组实际检测数据的计算结果,说明"绝对极值法"科学准确、简捷实用.     

中国西南地区近千年湖泊水位变化

重建湖泊水位历史、掌握其演变规律和机制,对水资源管理、生态环境保护、旱涝灾害防治以及认识区域水文气候变化机制皆有重要意义.中国西南地区拥有大量湖泊,其水位变化及驱动机制广受关注.本文通过汇总历史文献记录并将其与邻近地区的其他湖泊水位重建进行比较,总结了过去一千年中国西南地区湖泊水位的变化.结果显示中国西南地区近千年的湖...     

一种基于改进的一致性算法数据融合技术

在重大工程结构健康监测中,随着研究对象复杂程度的提高,往往需要获得大量观测数据才能对结构进行有效的评估,因此采用多种或多个传感器进行测量已成为必然趋势。数据融合技术就是将多个传感器的测量结果进行综合处理,从而得出比单个传感器更为准确可靠的结果。本文基于一致性算法,提出一种改进的多传感器数据融合技术,该数据融合技术属于数据级融合,它克服了一致性算法中两传感器在测量精度不同时置信距离不同的缺点,并对支持矩阵进行模糊化处理,避免了人为定义阈值而产生的主观误差。文中通过算例,验证了此方法可获得较好的结果,并且能够有效地减小由于扰动因素造成的测量数据的变化。     

Location and Characterization of Emission Sources for Airborne Volatile Organic Compounds Inside a Refinery in Taiwan

This study aimed to locate VOC emission sources and characterized their emitted VOCs. To avoid interferences from vehicle exhaust, all sampling sites were positioned inside the refinery. Samples, taken with canisters, were analyzed by GC–MS according to TO-14 method. The survey period extended from Febrary 2004 to December 2004, sampling twice per season. To interpret a large number of VOC data was a rather difficult task. This study featured using ordinary application software, Excel and Surfer, instead of expensive one like GIS, to overcome it. Consolidating data into a database on Excel facilitated retrieval, statistical analysis and presentation in the form of either table or graph. The cross analysis of the data suggested that the abundant VOCs were alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cyclic HCs. Emission sources were located by mapping the concentration distribution of these four types of VOCs in terms of contour maps on Surfer. During eight surveys, five emission sources were located and their VOCs were characterized.     

Data Sharing – a Case of Shared Databases and Community Use of On-Line GIS Support Systems

Data management is becoming increasingly simple and complex at the same time. The challenge is to effectively use the increasing number of tools available to manage increasing amounts of environmental information for purposes of data capture, analysis, display, sharing and storage. Government is no longer the main collector and provider of data. Community groups possess vast amounts of data collected through daily work of monitoring the environment in their local community. The chief concerns are data access, sharing, integrity and comparability. The capacity of groups to sustain data management is the key to making the sharing possible. The Southeast Environmental Association has been working with Environment Canada to develop a community, on-line database that will be linked to other geo-spatial data sets to allow instant access to geo-referenced data.     

LCA中清单分析数据的获得

清单分析是ＬＣＡ继目标界定后的一步重要操作,工业量极大,本文从我国具体情况出发,开发了一套获取产品ＬＣＡ清单数据的方法,介绍了通过行业污染系数获取产品的社会数据以及借助企业生产的质量流程图收集和检验企业数据的具体步骤。     

随机性混合数据评价技术的方法研究

在城市和环境规划等方案评价中,如何综合利用定性和定量信息是人们较为关注的问题。本文首先将方案评价中常见的定性信息分为三大类,并用数学式来描述各类定性信息,在此基础上,运用随机处理的方法对定性信息进行处理后与定量信息进行综合,以求得各个方案的优劣排序概率,并由此概率确定最优方案。这种方法克服了以往同类方法只能利用定性信息中的排序信息的缺点,从而使得方案评价更客观。最后,本文给出了方法应用的实例。     

Norwegian Meteorological Institute’s real-time dispersion model snap (Severe Nuclear Accident Program): Runs for ETEX and ATMES II experiments with different meteorological input

The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI) has developed and implemented for operational use a real-time dispersion model Severe Nuclear Accident Program (SNAP) with capability for predicting concentrations and depositions of the radioactive debris from large accidental releases. SNAP has been closely linked to DNMI’s operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models.How good are these predictions? Participation in ETEX has partly answered this question. DNMI used SNAP with LAM50S giving meteorological input for these real-time dispersion calculations. LAM50S Limited Area Model with 50 km grid squareswas DNMI’s operational NWP model in 1994 when ETEX took place.In this article we report on how SNAP performed in the first of the ETEX releases in near-real-time mode, using LAM50S—and in hindcast mode for ATMES II, using “ECMWF 1995: ETEX Data set (ATMES II)”as meteorological input data. These two input data sets came from NWP models with quite different characteristics but with similar resolution in time and space.The results from these dispersion simulations matched closely. Deviations early in the simulation period shrank to insignificant differences later on. Since both input data sets were based on “weather analysis” and had similar resolution in space and time, SNAP described the dispersion of the released material very similar in these two simulations.