1951-2006年西北太平洋热带气旋活动时空特征

西北太平洋是全球热带气旋(TC)发生次数最多、强度最大的区域之一,其TC研究受到该区域学者的广泛关注。基于日本气象厅(JMA)东京台风中心西北太平洋TC最佳路径数据资料,分析了该区域1951-2006年的TC频数和强度时空分布特征。首先,统计和分析了56年间(1951-2006年)TC的年际和年内变化,并通过建立1°×1°网格计算了落在每个网格内的TC次数,分析了多年TC的空间分布格局;其次,根据国际气象组织按照风速划分TC等级的标准,统计和分析了56年间不同强度TC的年际和年内特征,通过风速强度指数计算,获取了1°×1°网格单元区域内遭受TC影响的强度等级。结果显示,区域频数和强度时空分布规律较好地反映了该区域的TC影响特征,进而为区域台风灾害预报以及台风灾害风险评估提供了支持。     

基于“两型社会”的武汉城市圈土地集约利用评价

以获批全国"两型社会"建设综合配套改革试验区的武汉城市圈为研究对象,以"资源节约和环境保护"为目标,综合考虑土地集约利用的环境、社会、经济效应,阐述了土地集约利用的内涵,依据投入-产出等理论,构建了武汉城市圈土地集约利用评价体系,利用数据包络分析(简称DEA)法,对武汉城市圈土地集约利用进行了评价。研究结果表明:①武汉城市圈中仅有武汉、仙桃、天门三个城市是DEA有效的,DEA无效的6个城市DEA有效性从高到低分别是为黄冈、孝感、潜江、咸宁、鄂州、黄石;②影响武汉城市圈中城市DEA无效的因素是多样的,但主要集中在固定资产投资和单位GDP能耗等投入过多,GDP、社会商品销售额、财政收入、就业人员、生活垃圾处理率等产出率低。文章根据评价结果结合实际情况分析并指出了武汉城市圈发展过程中出现的土地利用问题,进而探讨"两型社会"框架下武汉城市圈应如何集约利用土地,优化配置土地资源,以实现"资源节约和环境保护"的目标。     

面向对象的公路地质灾害监测预报数据组织

进行公路潜在的地质灾害点监测预报对维护公路安全具有重要的意义。针对公路地质灾害受人为因素影响大,监测预报系统涉及数据面与类型多的特点,根据系统功能要求研究了以面向对象的方法组织系统数据,灾害预报的实质是对潜在灾害点所表现的各类信息进行综合评估,将预报所涉及的各类实体分为6个基类,依据基类内各类实体特点将各基类划分成几个子类,构建了基类实体之间的以及实体与属性之间关系模型,实现了各种类型数据的有机组织。     

外场可靠性试验技术方法研究

介绍了外场可靠性试验的特点,概括总结了进行外场装备可靠性评价时应注意的几个方面。针对外场任务和系统级可靠性试验都属于可修复系统,重点分析了设备级以上可靠性数据处理方法,提出建立R.M.S数据库时应考虑的两个因素,即与寿命有关的可靠性增长分析以及DT和OT数据的合并,指出今后应建立适合外场数据特点的实用模型和方法,从而获得更准确的可靠性数据。     

Waste collection multi objective model with real time traceability data

Waste collection is a highly visible municipal service that involves large expenditures and difficult operational problems, plus it is expensive to operate in terms of investment costs (i.e. vehicles fleet), operational costs (i.e. fuel, maintenances) and environmental costs (i.e. emissions, noise and traffic congestions). Modern traceability devices, like volumetric sensors, identification RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) systems, GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and GPS (Global Positioning System) technology, permit to obtain data in real time, which is fundamental to implement an efficient and innovative waste collection routing model. The basic idea is that knowing the real time data of each vehicle and the real time replenishment level at each bin makes it possible to decide, in function of the waste generation pattern, what bin should be emptied and what should not, optimizing different aspects like the total covered distance, the necessary number of vehicles and the environmental impact. This paper describes a framework about the traceability technology available in the optimization of solid waste collection, and introduces an innovative vehicle routing model integrated with the real time traceability data, starting the application in an Italian city of about 100,000 inhabitants. The model is tested and validated using simulation and an economical feasibility study is reported at the end of the paper.     

210Pb-dating of a lake sediment core from Lough Carra (Co. Mayo, western Ireland): use of paleolimnological data for chronology validation below the 210Pb dating horizon

The chronologies and sediment accumulation rates for a lake sediment sequence from Lough Carra (Co. Mayo, western Ireland) were established by applying the constant initial concentration (CIC) and constant rate of supply (CRS) hypotheses to the measured ²¹⁰Pb_excess profile. The resulting chronologies were validated using the artificial fallout radionuclides ¹³⁷Cs and ²⁴¹Am, which provide independent chronostratigraphic markers for the second half of the 20th century. The validity of extrapolating the derived CIC and CRS dates below the ²¹⁰Pb dating horizon using average sedimentation rates was investigated using supplementary paleolimnological information and historical data. Our data confirm that such an extrapolation is well justified at sites characterised by relatively stable sedimentation conditions.     

An Empirical Study on the Environmental Kuznets Curve for China＇s Carbon Emissions： Based on Provincial Panel Data

Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, the authors choose provincial panel data of China in 1990-2007 and adopt panel trait root and co-integration testing method to study whether there is Environmental Kuznets Curve for China＇s carbon emissions. The research results show that： carbon emissions per capita of the eastern region and the central region of China fit into Environmental Kuznets Curve, but that of the western region does not. On this basis, the authors carry out scenario analysis on the occurrence time of the inflection point of carbon emissions per capita of different regions, and describe a specific time path.     

Climate Change Responsibility and China’s Endeavor

The problem of climate change is a global challenge.It is closely associated with social development and human survival,and it has a significant impact to all countries on energy development,economic competitiveness,technological innovation,and way of life.In recent years,with the rapid economic development in China,there is a rumor that the rapid growth of China’s carbon dioxide emission offset the efforts of the international community in reducing emissions,and China should bear the international responsibility corresponding to its significant role in greenhouse gas emission,which obviously are unfair and not objective.As this paper reveals,"China environment responsibility" that is the socalled "China environment threat" or theories,China has made a positive contribution to addressing the climate change in the past and China will still be the backbone on the protection of global climate in the future.     

Climate Change Responsibility and China＇s Endeavor

The problem of climate change is a global challenge. It is closely associated with social development and human survival, and it has a significant impact to all countries on energy develop- ment, economic competitiveness, technological innovation, and way of life. In recent years, with the rapid economic development in China, there is a rumor that the rapid growth of China＇s carbon dioxide emission offset the efforts of the international community in reducing emissions, and China should bear the international responsibility corresponding to its significant role in greenhouse gas emission, which obviously are unfair and not objective. As this paper reveals, ＂China environment responsibility＂ that is the socalled ＂China environment threat＂ or theories, China has made a positive contribution to addressing the climate change in the past and China will still be the backbone on the protection of global climate in the future.     

环境影响评价报告书数据计算及分析自动化系统设计

环境影响报告书的数据计算及分析一般采用人工处理的方法,工作量大且易出错。通过环境影响评价报告书数据计算及分析自动化系统的建立,实现了数据处理计算及分析自动化及系统化,提高了工作效率。