Inhibition effects of aluminum dust explosions by various kinds of ammonium polyphosphate

In this work, vinyltriethoxysilane (A151) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) were used to modify ammonium polyphosphate (APP), showing that the dispersibility of APP could be improved remarkably by A151 and KH550. The maximum explosion pressure of aluminum dust explosion decreased with the addition of APP, A151-APP (APP-A) and KH550-APP (APP-B), with the exception of the case where the inerting ratio (α) of APP-A was less than 0.4. After the addition of APP-B, there was little difference in flame propagation behavior and explosion pressure compared with that of adding APP, indicating that APP-B could retain the inhibition performance of APP compared with APP-A. When the inerting ratios of APP, APP-A and APP-B were 1.2, 1.4 and 1.4, respectively, the aluminum dust explosion could be completely inhibited. The explosion residues of aluminum dust/APP mainly consisted of Al₂O₃, P-containing and N-containing compounds. It could be analyzed that APP exerted the inhibition effect through both chemical and physical effects.     

Experimental and theoretical research on the inhibition performance of ethanol gasoline/air explosion by C6F12O

The safety issue of ethanol gasoline and the methods to control or weaken its explosion have attracted attention. To clarify the effect of C₆F₁₂O (perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone)) on the explosion of ethanol gasoline-air mixtures and intrinsic mechanism, the explosion overpressure and flame propagation behavior under different equivalence ratios (φ = 0.6–0.8) and C₆F₁₂O concentrations (χ_inh = 0–4.0%) were experimentally obtained. The detailed inhibitor reaction process was also obtained by CHEMKIN based on a new assembly kinetic mechanism. The results show that the effects of C₆F₁₂O on the explosion characteristics of ethanol gasoline varied with χ_inh and φ. For rich flames, C₆F₁₂O is more effective than and heptafluoropropane (C₃HF₇) and nitrogen (N₂) in suppressing explosions; for lean and equivalence ratio flames, the addition of C₆F₁₂O may result in more severe explosions. The decrease in chemical reactivity is mainly because the mole fractions of OH and H radicals and the proportion of paths H radicals involved decrease after adding C₆F₁₂O, and R1500: CF₃COF + H = CF₃CO + HF, R965: CF₂:O + H = CF:O + HF, R863: CF₃ + H = CF₂ + HF are main suppressing reactions.     

Experimental investigation of the performance of modified expanded graphite powder doped with zinc borate in extinguishing sodium fires

Sodium is the main cooling medium in the circuit of fourth-generation nuclear reactors, and its leakage constitutes a severe fire hazard because of its high chemical activity. In this study, expandable graphite (EG), which is a traditional sodium fire-extinguishing agent, was modified with zinc borate (ZB) as an intercalator, and the modified EG_ZB was characterized. Moreover, the effectiveness of the modified EG_ZB in extinguishing sodium fires was tested using a self-developed fire-extinguishing experimental device. This study's results indicated that EG, EG_ZB had a smaller particle size, higher thermal stability, higher fire-extinguishing speed, and lower powder mass consumption than EG. During the fire-extinguishing process, ZnO decomposed by ZB captured free radicals and inhibited the combustion reaction. Furthermore, B₂O₃ was adsorbed on the surface of the EG layer, which strengthened covering and asphyxiation. The findings of this study provide crucial information for effectively controlling fires caused by active metals and metallo-organic compounds.     

Ag3PO4/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用简单的原位沉淀法合成了可见光驱动型光催化剂Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄.利用X-射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X-射线能谱（XPS）以及紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）等表征手段对合成的样品进行了表征.与单一的Ag₃PO₄和g-C₃N₄相比,Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料对左氧氟沙星表现出了更高的催化效率.根据能带分析和自由基捕获试验,提出了Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料Z型异质结构的作用机制.     

气溶胶辐射效应对气象和环境影响的观测与模拟研究

选取2015年和2019年不同代表年份,结合外场观测和数值模拟,分析了天津地区不同季节不同天气(晴天、多云、霾)下,气溶胶辐射效应对整层大气透过率和地表入射太阳辐射的影响,以及这种影响在不同年份的差异.借助WRF-Chem模式模拟分析了重污染期间气溶胶辐射效应对垂直方向上气象要素廓线、边界层结构以及PM_2.5浓度的反馈机制.结果表明:霾污染可导致大气透过率明显下降,春、秋、冬不同季节,霾污染导致中午大气透过率分别下降0.09,0.11和0.09.全年平均霾污染可导致大气透过率降低约15.5%.云量的增多也可导致大气透过率明显下降,多云天气下大气透过率相比晴天减小约22.4%.霾和云对大气透过率的影响还与太阳高度角有关,当太阳高度角>60°时,霾污染导致大气透过率下降8.6%.随污染等级提高,气溶胶对太阳辐射的衰减作用也越强,天津地区空气质量分别为Ⅰ～Ⅰ级时,中午地表入射短波辐射呈稳定下降趋势,依次为484,446,439,342,328和253W/m².重污染期间,气溶胶辐射效应导致大气低层(250m以下)降温(0.8℃)增湿(3.8%...     

Layered sphere-shaped TiO2 capped with gold nanoparticles on structural defects and their catalysis of formaldehyde oxidation

We describe here a one-step method for the synthesis of Au/TiO₂ nanosphere materials, which were formed by layered deposition of multiple anatase TiO₂ nanosheets. The Au nanoparticles were stabilized by structural defects in each TiO₂ nanosheet, including crystal steps and edges, thereby fixing the Au–TiO₂ perimeter interface. Reactant transfer occurred along the gaps between these TiO₂ nanosheet layers and in contact with catalytically active sites at the Au–TiO₂ interface. The doped Au induced the formation of oxygen vacancies in the Au–TiO₂ interface. Such vacancies are essential for generating active oxygen species (*O⁻) on the TiO₂ surface and Ti^3 + ions in bulk TiO₂. These ions can then form Ti^3 +–O⁻–Ti^4 + species, which are known to enhance the catalytic activity of formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation. These studies on structural and oxygen vacancy defects in Au/TiO₂ samples provide a theoretical foundation for the catalytic mechanism of HCHO oxidation on oxide-supported Au materials.     

声电氧化处理亚甲基蓝废水的研究

采用电沉积法制备了稀土和氟树脂等共掺杂的新型二氧化铅电极,并用于声电氧化体系中作为阳极处理典型模拟染料废水.考察了声电耦合氧化条件下的协同因子变化,发现PbO2/Ti电极和La-PbO2/Ti电极作阳极时,协同因子分别为1.29、1.36.考察并优化了该氧化镧掺杂电极用于声电氧化体系的作用因素,结果表明,在功率为49.58W/cm2、频率为50Hz、阳极电极为La-PbO2/Ti电极、电流密度为71.43mA/cm2、硫酸钠为14.2g/L的条件下,200mg/L的亚甲基蓝模拟废水经过2h后去除率达到89.51%.通过GC-MS、IC等分析手段检测了中间产物,提出了亚甲基蓝可能的降解途径.     

氯灭活地下水源中3种优势真菌的效能与机制

地下水源中真菌大量繁殖会产生嗅味,引发毒性反应以及产生大量肉眼可见的絮状物,严重影响供水水质.以地下水源中3种优势真菌木霉属、青霉属、枝孢属为研究对象,以氯为消毒剂,通过研究真菌孢子胞内物质泄漏,胞外三磷酸腺苷(ATP),脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)和蛋白质增加及孢子形态变化,探明了氯灭活3种真菌孢子的效能与机制.结果表明,氯灭活真菌孢子符合一级动力学,满足Chick模型,3种真菌的耐氯性为:木霉属青霉属枝孢属,真菌孢子尺寸越大,亲水性越强,灭活效果越好.氯灭活后,胞内物质泄漏,胞外特征物质(ATP、DNA、蛋白质)显著增加;氯对细胞表面破坏严重,灭活后真菌孢子凹陷,表面褶皱.综上所述,氯首先作用于孢子表面,降低孢子的可培养性,进一步作用使细胞的通透性屏障受损,导致胞内特征物质释放,以致孢子死亡.     

磁性海泡石吸附Cr(VI)特性及动力学

采用化学共沉淀法合成磁性海泡石,通过静态吸附实验研究磁性海泡石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性及其动力学。结果表明,磁性海泡石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附在90 min内即可达到平衡;体系的初始pH是影响磁性海泡石吸附Cr(Ⅵ)性能的重要因素;当废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度为50 mg/L时,磁性海泡石的适宜投加量为10 g/L;随反应温度的升高,磁性海泡石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量增加;温度为25、35和45℃时,磁性海泡石对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附量分别为3.32、3.72、4.08 mg/g;吸附动力学曲线可以用拟二级反应动力学模型拟合;内扩散和液膜扩散联合控制Cr(Ⅵ)在磁性海泡石上的吸附过程,其中内扩散的控速作用大于液膜扩散。     

铁改性海泡石除锑的影响因素研究

选择廉价海泡石, 用氯化铁对其改性。研究铁改性海泡石对锑的吸附特性。结果表明,氯化铁浓度、吸附时间、初始锑浓度以及温度等因素对锑的吸附影响较大,溶液初始pH影响不明显。在初始锑浓度50 mg/L,pH 6.8,5%氯化铁改性海泡石投加量为2 g/L,吸附90 min, 温度35℃下,吸附量可达21.6 mg/g。海泡石对吸附锑具有缓冲特性,溶液的初始pH值在3.1～10.1范围时,吸附后溶液的最终pH值为8～8.5。IMS吸附锑是放热过程。改性后海泡石比表面积增大,表面羟基数量增加,导致其吸附能力增强。通过XRD谱图并未发现铁晶体的存在。