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121.
为探讨安全信息共享过程及其影响因素,增强企业对安全信息的使用能力,并进一步为提升企业的安全生产水平提供理论依据。基于安全系统和安全信息的研究进展,从安全系统的内部动态联系进行分析,提出加强企业系统内部安全信息共享过程研究的重要性。同时,借鉴安全信息流动和认知的相关研究,分析安全信息的共享过程,进一步构建安全信息流动过程模型,提炼出影响企业系统内部安全信息共享过程的安全信息特性、安全信息质量、安全信息环境、安全信息能力和安全素质5个因素,并逐层分析,构建企业系统内部安全信息共享过程影响因素的测量指标体系。应用问卷调查和结构方程建模方法,构建企业系统内部安全信息共享过程二阶验证性因素分析模型,对影响因素进行分析。结果表明,提出的5个主要因素对安全信息共享过程具有重要影响,其中安全信息素质的影响最大。  相似文献   
122.
应急信息的保障必须以信息共享为基础,同时还应当构建可描述并实现应急信息流的信息模型.通过对应急信息流的产生与流动特征进行分析,提出使用应急响应任务、应急响应部门、数据集和应急辅助模型4类元素来描述信息流,并以大量应急预案和相关研究为基础,综合归纳出每类元素的完备列表.基于以上工作,研究构建了突发事件应急响应的信息模型.最后,针对城市危险化学品事故,使用模型对其应急中的信息流进行了描述.  相似文献   
123.
    
We discuss environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations in international development projects, especially those funded by the World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). Their social safeguard policies were adopted because of neglect of social impacts by projects. Although development assistance goals have shifted from economic growth towards poverty reduction and shared prosperity, mitigating adverse impacts of projects does not necessarily address the multiple dimensions of poverty or the Sustainable Development Goals. ‘Do no harm’ has limited ability to achieve social development objectives. Instead, a significant contribution to international development could come by embedding community investment in the environmental and social frameworks of international financial institutions, and social impact assessment and international development practise. This would ensure that projects contribute to improving the lives of project affected peoples. We propose changes to the IFC Performance Standards that could be implemented by other multilateral development banks and in the Equator Principles.  相似文献   
124.
    
Classical theory on the commons holds that rules are fundamental to sustainability. However, open access may be present in many sustainable socioecological systems. Here, we explore the interaction between environmental unpredictability and cooperation in a fishery in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. We show that a variable annual flood pulse combined with channel blockages results in a high turnover in fishing grounds. To counter this variability, fishers openly share information about fishing areas with all community members, but are highly territorial with neighboring communities. We argue that this open access within communities but common property between communities represents a system of limited open access and, using a mathematical model, suggest that such a system is favored under conditions of moderate competition and high levels of resource unpredictability. Failing to take into account the social norms that underpin limited open access systems may undermine conservation interventions.  相似文献   
125.
    
The Shale Network is a group of stakeholders collating, publishing, and conducting research on water quality data collected in the northeastern United States experiencing natural gas extraction from shale using hydraulic fracturing. In developing the Shale Network, we have experienced reluctance to share data from all participating sectors. This paper explores this reluctance, identifying barriers to greater collaboration among multiple stakeholders in natural resource management projects. Findings are derived from participant observation of the Shale Network team, surveys conducted during Shale Network workshops, interviews with water quality stakeholders, and participant observation of water quality monitoring training sessions. The barriers identified include perceptions about data problems and quality, technical capacity, regulatory and legal limitations, competition for resources, and resource allocation decisions. This paper identifies strategies the Shale Network has used to overcome data-sharing barriers to expand a culture of data sharing that supports enhanced nature resource management and citizen engagement.  相似文献   
126.
Realizing an effectiveness revolution in environmental management   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The environmental movement of the 20(th) century has evolved into a large, diverse and well-financed global community that is increasingly required to prove its worth. Though the environmental sector collects and uses data to determine the status of ecological and social systems, the effectiveness of the programs and policies it uses to affect this status remains largely untested. As governments and donor institutions insist on greater transparency, accountability and evidence of what works and what does not, much is being learned from other fields (e.g. health services, education, international development) and increasingly sophisticated approaches are emerging to manage effectiveness. For example, program evaluation, adaptive management, and systematic review provide frameworks and methods to collect and use information to measure and improve performance. However, the critical data and collaborations necessary for an effectiveness revolution are marginalized by technical, cultural and political obstacles. Learning from other fields, the environmental sector must exploit key leverage points, such as flows of information and self-organization, to overcome impediments and create incentives to initiate and realize an era of effectiveness in environmental management.  相似文献   
127.
简要介绍了装备自然环境试验数据的内涵及其重要性,分析了国外自然环境试验站网、数据资源深层次开发利用、数据共享服务等建设现状。重点从基础设施与服务保障能力、数据治理管控模式等方面,概述了国内装备自然环境试验数据工程建设现状与成效,提出了要进一步激活要素价值潜能、创新数据共建共享服务模式、创新数据服务体制机制、加快推进产业数字化等建议。  相似文献   
128.
机动车尾气污染对大气环境质量影响分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
王素平 《环境工程》2004,22(3):72-72,79
本研究通过对太原市机动车尾气污染分析 ,指出随着城市机动车辆的增加 ,机动车尾气排放已逐渐成为影响城市大气质量的主要污染源 ;根据灰色系统理论分析 ,对太原市机动车尾气分担率建立动态预测模型。预测结果精度较高 ,预测方法简单实用。  相似文献   
129.
针对地理空间信息资源的特点和内蒙古实际情况,研究提出促进我区地理空间信息资源开发利用的思路和政策措施。  相似文献   
130.
适合我国环境数据的元数据管理系统的设计与开发   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李顺  魏斌  成翔 《上海环境科学》2003,22(12):868-871
通过元数据整合和管理现有环境数据是环境信息共享的重要内容。在对元数据的组织结构及我国环境数据内容、特点分析的基础上,对元数据管理系统的模块、流程、编码规则、核心数据库设计等进行了详细论述,并进行了实际开发。系统的应用有利于我国环境信息共享工作的进一步深入。  相似文献   
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