多部门环境监测科学数据共享体系探讨

本文通过分析“淮河流域环境与健康监测网”获取的环境监测科学数据特征,并结合我国环境监测科学数据共享的现状和存在的问题,根据环境监测科学数据的5个基本要素,对构建面向社会公众、面向科学研究的多部门环境监测科学数据共享体系进行了探索研究.     

非常规突发事件现场应急指挥平台设计与实现

通过研究非常规突发事件以及现场救援指挥的特点和规律,分析应急救援现场指挥业务需求,运用基于XML的Web Service模型,实现跨地区、跨平台信息共享;综合运用卫星通信、3G网络、WebGIS等技术实现突发事件现场与外界远程通信;运用松散耦合、多层设计、分布式等设计理念,集成软件系统和硬件设备,形成便携式指挥平台。该平台可实现图文信息和视频信息远程传输、现场信息快速记录、指挥命令远程传输、跨平台地理信息搜索与显示、气象信息显示、预案查询和知识库查询等7种功能。     

地理空间信息技术在我区资源环境管理中的应用

针对地理空间信息资源的特点和内蒙古实际情况，研究提出促进我区地理空间信息资源开发利用的思路和政策措施。     

苏州市大气污染现状及主要污染因子分担率研究

随着城市化进程的加快,苏州地区的大气污染已从煤烟型污染转变为复合型污染,大气中的多种污染因子在不利气象条件下形成灰霾天气.本文基于2010年污染源普查及已有相关研究成果,开展苏州市二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟尘、粉尘的排放评价,包括排放总量、工业排放量、交通排放量、生活排放量等;分析火电、钢铁、有色、石化、水泥、化工、交通等重点行业主要污染因子分担率,分析单位面积、单位人口排放强度,为苏州市开展大气污染治理工作提供一定参考.     

Fairness aspects of linking the European emissions trading scheme under a long-term stabilization scenario for CO2 concentration

Climate equity is a crucial but difficult element in negotiations on a post-2012 climate regime. With respect to the trading of greenhouse gas emissions the equity aspect is considered in the Kyoto Protocol which demands that emissions trading should be supplemental to domestic abatement efforts. The question arises whether a linking of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) to non-EU emission trading schemes or the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) could have an impact on principles of climate justice and thus potentially affect ongoing negotiations. In this study, we present the results of a three step analysis: In a first step, it estimates mid-term greenhouse gas emission entitlements for Annex B and Non-Annex B countries for the year 2020 which keep within reach a stabilization of the CO₂ concentration at 450 ppmv in the long-term. In the second step, the resulting emission entitlements are used as an input to an economic partial-equilibrium model in order to assess the shift of abatement efforts under different scenarios of linking the EU ETS. In a third step, we analyze the outcome of the economic model with respect to the future trend of European per capita emissions under the current EU ETS relative to different scenarios of linking the EU ETS. The model results indicate that European per capita emissions have to be reduced to a considerably smaller extent if a linking of the EU ETS is accompanied by an optimal design of the National Allocation Plans and if low-cost CO₂ permits became available via the CDM to a large extent.

From conflict to collaboration: Atewa Forest governance

The problem of forest degradation and loss has become the concern of many countries. To address this challenge, some collaborate in sustainable forest management. The most successful outcomes, however, are observed where local participation is an essential part of conservation efforts. In Ghana, forests have experienced various degrees of exploitation over the years, resulting in their ecological decline. Despite its designation as a protected area for biodiversity and ecosystem services, the Atewa Range Forest Reserve in Ghana has been significantly impacted by deforestation, illegal mining, and other destructive activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine ecologically based management approaches that could be adopted to generate beneficial outcomes for all forest stakeholders and actors in Ghana. The study sampled forest stakeholders in Kwabeng, the administrative capital of the Atewa West District, to understand forest governance challenges and outline strategies for overcoming them. The study revealed that a bottom-up all-inclusive approach to managing forest resources is necessary. This paper, therefore, proposes an integrated forest governance that prioritizes the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15—Life on Land-related to forest preservation.     

Barriers to sharing water quality data: experiences from the Shale Network

The Shale Network is a group of stakeholders collating, publishing, and conducting research on water quality data collected in the northeastern United States experiencing natural gas extraction from shale using hydraulic fracturing. In developing the Shale Network, we have experienced reluctance to share data from all participating sectors. This paper explores this reluctance, identifying barriers to greater collaboration among multiple stakeholders in natural resource management projects. Findings are derived from participant observation of the Shale Network team, surveys conducted during Shale Network workshops, interviews with water quality stakeholders, and participant observation of water quality monitoring training sessions. The barriers identified include perceptions about data problems and quality, technical capacity, regulatory and legal limitations, competition for resources, and resource allocation decisions. This paper identifies strategies the Shale Network has used to overcome data-sharing barriers to expand a culture of data sharing that supports enhanced nature resource management and citizen engagement.     

地质灾害数据共享平台下共享和互操作的研究

中国地质灾害种类多、分布广、频次高、强度大、灾情严重、直接和间接的经济损失巨大.近几年,由于西部大开发步伐的推进,泥石流、滑坡等自然因素和人为因素诱发的地质灾害呈上升趋势.如何科学合理地构架地质灾害数据共享平台,从而利用该平台提供的共享和互操作机制来预测、预警、评价和治理各种地质灾害也就成为当务之急.文章就此提出了整合WebGIS、Ajax、ESML和数据网格技术的地质灾害数据共享平台的设计方案.     

Revisiting production and ecosystem services on the farm scale for evaluating land use alternatives

Urbanization pressure increases the demand on remaining open spaces to deliver food and biomass, as well as other ecosystem services, but it is often paired with a reduced capacity to deliver these services. This calls for an integrated and innovative use of the remaining space.However, current spatial planning paradigms are not always adapted to face these new challenges. In many regions, an important aspect of spatial planning in relation to agriculture is still the pragmatic and monofunctional allocation of land use between vocal stakeholders. This is rarely paired with a regional view on the effective or desired quantity of services provided by this open space. Since land use policies increasingly need to strive for resilience on top of diversification of services, assessments of the servicing capacity and sustainability of land uses are needed.This paper presents a framework to assess all ecosystem services (i.e. marketable and non-marketable ES) delivered by conventional as well as innovative land uses. The framework is then used to assess land use strategies at the scale of an unconventional case farm in Flanders, Belgium. The analysis combines spatial and economic analysis of land use alternatives and illustrates some shortcomings of usual ecosystem valuation tools. Our findings illustrate that land use evaluation might be biased against unconventional land management alternatives. The proposed framework provides land planners with a way to assess and arbitrate between land sharing and land sparring options more accurately. The approach can help to optimize land use from the societal perspective, and allows for benchmarking farm-level land use alternatives by comparing the services they deliver.     

适合我国环境数据的元数据管理系统的设计与开发

通过元数据整合和管理现有环境数据是环境信息共享的重要内容。在对元数据的组织结构及我国环境数据内容、特点分析的基础上，对元数据管理系统的模块、流程、编码规则、核心数据库设计等进行了详细论述，并进行了实际开发。系统的应用有利于我国环境信息共享工作的进一步深入。