固硫生物型煤

研究出生物型煤的生产工艺流程,对型煤和生物型煤的固硫技术进行了研究,成功试验生产出固硫性能优良的生物型煤,为中国煤能源可持续发展利用开辟了新途径。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)分批发酵中温度对S.mobaraense生长及产酶影响的模型化

研究了2.5L小罐培养过程中控制温度为25℃～35℃时对细胞生长和MTG合成的影响.结果表明当控制相对较低的温度时,细胞生长的延滞期较长,当控制温度较高时,细胞生长的延滞期较短,达到最大DCW和最高MTG酶活的时间均较短;通过研究各种不同模型对细胞生长的影响得到最适合描述S.mobaraense生长与温度之间的关系方程为Schoolfield方程;通过对最大DCW和最大MTG酶活进行数学模拟,发现方程X(U)=-a     

关于我国21世纪农业清洁生产的思考

现代工业的出现和工业化进程的不断发展,使生态环境受到污染和破坏。清洁生产因突破了传统的终端污染控制的被动局面,在工业领域得到推广应用。然而,以高度集约化和大量化学物质投入为重要特征的现代农业,所导致的环境污染问题也日益严峻。因此,为达到农业生产与生态环境协调发展的目的,农业清洁生产应成为２１世纪农业发展模式和农业环保策略,其关键是开发绿色农用品,改进农业生产技术。     

武汉市实施清洁生产的方案构想

分析了武汉市工业特点。认为武汉市仍处于工业化加速发展时期,偏重型的工业结构和落后的总体技术水平造成武汉市工业污染严重,布局不合理则加剧了这一状况。为此,结合矿产资源缺管而水资源丰富的资源特点,提出了武汉市实施可持续发展、推行清洁生产的初步方案。（１）调整工业结构的大力发展轻工业,由偏重型结构向轻重工业协调发展转变;（２）对现有产品生产进行深加工,提高含量及其附加值;（３）积极发展高新技术,以此作为     

A panel study on the relationship between biofuels production and sustainable development

Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources on which policy makers are greatly dependent on since it is a flexible feedstock capable of conversion into electricity, transport liquid fuels and heat by chemical and biological processes on demand. Though numerous publications have examined the relationship of economic growth with renewable energy and other parameters, biomass energy has never been included in these studies. Then, this study examines the causal relationship within a multivariate panel cointegration/error correction framework which combines the cross-section and time series data while allowing for heterogeneity across different provinces. After employing panel data regression model ranging from 2003 through 2012 to examine the relationships of biofuels production with sustainable development in China, the paper concludes that the development of biofuel energy production integrated with the consideration of the improvement of income per capita, and the attraction of more capital investment, does make a significant contribution to economic growth. However, some negative side effects including the increase of greenhouse emissions and the decrease of marginal land still coexist with the economic development. Of course, the importance of these findings lies on their implications and their adoption on strategic policies.     

Optimizing mixture properties of biodiesel production using genetic algorithm-based evolutionary support vector machine

Nowadays, biodiesel is used as one of the alternative renewable energy due to the increasing energy demand. However, optimum production of biodiesel still requires a huge number of expensive and time-consuming laboratory tests. To address the problem, this research develops a novel Genetic Algorithm-based Evolutionary Support Vector Machine (GA-ESIM). The GA-ESIM is an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tool that combines K-means Chaotic Genetic Algorithm (KCGA) and Evolutionary Support Vector Machine Inference Model (ESIM). The ESIM is utilized as a supervised learning technique to establish a highly accurate prediction model between the input--output of biodiesel mixture properties; and the KCGA is used to perform the simulation to obtain the optimum mixture properties based on the prediction model. A real biodiesel experimental data is provided to validate the GA-ESIM performance. Our simulation results demonstrate that the GA-ESIM establishes a prediction model with better accuracy than other AI-based tool and thus obtains the mixture properties with the biodiesel yield of 99.9%, higher than the best experimental data record, 97.4%.     

Economic and environmental value stream map (E2VSM) simulation for multi-product manufacturing systems

Value stream mapping (VSM) is a well-accepted tool within lean manufacturing concept which is often used for analysing and designing the flow of materials and information required to manufacture a product. However, the analysis is static and single product oriented, which fails to cope with either the variation of production plan or a multi-product environment. In addition, the environmental impact of a manufacturing system is highly associated with the dynamic consumption of energy and resources. Despite the recent integration of VSM with simulation or environmental studies (in the domain of energy efficiency), still neglected is the dynamic assessment of all the resources involved in a multi-product production environment. This paper presents a methodology for modelling multi-product manufacturing systems with dynamic material, energy and information flows with the aim to generate economic and environmental value stream maps (E²VSM). The proposed methodology is validated with an industrial case.     

不同好氧预处理方式对餐厨垃圾产甲烷的影响

为了研究不同好氧预处理方式对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产甲烷的影响,通过建立3个模拟厌氧生物反应器,研究了传统厌氧生物反应器C1、上层好氧预处理-厌氧生物反应器C2和底部好氧预处理-厌氧生物反应器C3 3种不同操作条件下的产甲烷过程.结果表明,挥发性有机酸的累积使C1始终处于产甲烷滞后阶段;而C2、C3的好氧预处理通过加快易水解酸化组分和过量挥发性有机酸的好氧降解,有效缓解了酸性抑制,产甲烷滞后时间明显缩短至10 d内.第32天C2停止上层曝气后,在27 d内甲烷浓度达到了50％以上,同时,产甲烷速率迅速上升,并在第81天可达到峰值773 mL/(kg·d).C3在第11天停止底部曝气后,虽然经过22 d的时间甲烷浓度即上升至50％,但之后产甲烷速率经历回落阶段后再次逐渐上升,在实验结束时仅达到517 mL/(kg·d).上层曝气的好氧预处理方式所需曝气时间相对较长,但其产甲烷启动快,与底部曝气相比,其后期的甲烷化过程更稳定并可达到较高的产甲烷速率.     

EGSB出水回流对EGSB—SBR工艺处理果汁废水的影响

采用EGSB—SBR工艺处理实际果汁废水(COD 2 608~6 500 mg/L,p H 5.0~7.0)。在EGSB反应器成功启动及驯化完成的情况下,连续运行49 d。实验结果表明:第25天起,控制EGSB回流比为3.00∶1,EGSB反应器可在无须添加Na HCO3的条件下稳定运行,从而降低了废水处理成本;第25天起,平均进水COD,BOD5,SS分别为5 968,2 130,1 020 mg/L,平均出水COD,BOD5,SS分别降至131,11,50 mg/L,平均COD,BOD5,SS去除率分别为98%,99%,95%;组合工艺对该实际果汁废水具有良好的处理效果。     

丙烯腈生产废水中聚合物的资源化利用

以丙烯腈生产废水中的丙烯腈低聚物为原料制备聚丙烯酰胺。通过正交实验考察了水解反应条件和交联反应条件对反应的影响。FTIR表征结果显示,丙烯腈低聚物中的氰基已完全水解为酰胺基,产物聚丙烯酰胺中含有酰胺基和羧基。实验结果表明,在自来水加入量100 m L、水解反应温度95℃、m(Na OH)∶m(丙烯腈低聚物)=2.0、水解反应时间3 h的最佳水解反应条件,交联反应温度60℃、质量分数37%~40%的甲醛加入量6 m L、交联反应时间2 h的最佳交联反应条件下,处理20 g丙烯腈低聚物,可得到产物聚丙烯酰胺14.50 g,聚丙烯酰胺的水解度为21.1%、相对分子质量为2.7×106。产品性能满足Q/SH 0046—2007《钻井液用聚丙烯酰胺技术要求》中部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的性能要求。