The determination of partition coefficients of organic compounds in technical products and waste waters for the estimation of their bioaccumulation potential using reversed phase thin layer chromatography

Reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) has been investigated for the estimation of octanol/water partition coefficients (P), an important parameter for the prediction of the environmental behaviour of organic chemicals. A strong correlation between P derived from the traditional octanol/water system and RPTLC has been established over five orders of magnitude. RPTLC data are likewise correlated to results obtained by high performance chromatography (HPLC). Due to the low costs, simplicity and separation power RPTLC is especially suited for the investigation and screening of mixtures of compounds before more complicated tests are involved.

Results from a round robin test on the determination of partition coefficients by HPLC, RPTLC and the batch method indicate the simplicity and accuracy of the RPTLC technique. Applications of the RPTLC‐technique on technical products and industrial waste waters are described.     

基于广义收益—成本分析的农村面源污染治理策略

应用污染排放系数法、技术经济评价方法,统筹考虑农村面源污染治理的环境效益与经济收益、技术成本与交易费用,构建面向一般区域的农村面源污染治理策略的分析框架与方法.研究表明,2011年宜兴市农村面源污染排放总氮2880.94t,总磷501.19t,水环境经济损失为3.38亿元.耕地测土配方施肥、规模化养殖沼气工程、分散养殖沼气工程和农村生活污水净化工程的净现值率分别为55.00、2.54、0.52、-0.15.综合考虑技术可行性、交易费用和政府管理支撑能力,近期应优先治理规模化养殖和种植业面源污染,分散养殖和农村生活污水污染可作为远期治理重点.     

袋式除尘器在70吨Consteel电炉除尘改造上的应用

介绍了低压脉冲滤袋除尘器净化70 t Consteel电炉烟气的工艺过程、运行实际参数以及设计过程中的一些经验。     

造纸黑液循环流化床锅炉技术分析

文章分析了利用循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术处理制浆所产生的黑液污染问题的可行性及其应用情况，对国内造纸行业的治污技术具有一定的推广应用价值。     

特种设备安全技术规范后评估方法的研究

特种设备安全技术规范的立法后评估是检验其立法效果和提高其立法质量的重要途径。本文分析了国内外立法后评估的现状和特点,根据安全技术规范的立法目的,在充分调研和专家评议的基础上,明确了评估原则和标准,构建了多维度多层次的评估指标体系及其要素集,设计了评价模型和评估程序,形成并确定了定性和定量分析相结合的基于层次分析方法的特种设备安全技术规范后评估方法。通过评估案例的实践和验证,证明了该方法的适用性和实效性。     

影响水样COD分析结果准确性的因素研究

影响实验室水样COD测定准确性的因素主要有标准溶液浓度、试剂添加顺序、取样量的多少、水样中的氯离子含量、水样中的悬浮物含量、水样中的油含量及水样中的水生生物含量等。针对悬浮物或石油类含量较高的水样,给出了分析测试过程中的注意事项,为实验室分析人员提供技术参考。     

基于LMDI的长江中下游城市群污染排放强度分析

长江中下游城市群地区工业重化特征明显,工业水污染排放贡献超过10%,大气污染物占比更超过70%。本文采用迪氏对数指标分解法(LMDI)识别长江中下游城市群污染排放的主要影响因子,对长江中下游城市群重点行业COD、氨氮、SO_2、NO_x排放强度进行分析。将排放强度拆分为末端削减、技术工业和产品结构三个指标,分析2012—2020年和2020—2030年两个时间段内,对污染排放强度降低贡献度最高的影响因素。结果表明,末端削减和技术工艺对污染排放强度降低影响大,贡献值之和约为90%,两者分别代表末端处理技术对污染排放的削减程度,以及高附加值行业单位产值污染物产生水平;COD、SO_2和氨氮的排放强度由末端削减和技术工艺共同作用,NO_x的排放强度较高且未来末端削减水平进步小,未来需要重视该污染物的减排和治理。     

Wind energy potential analysis for Thailand: Uncertainty from wind maps and sensitivity to turbine technology

Rapid development of wind energy has been witnessed in Thailand. However, different wind resource maps (over land) have brought great uncertainty to wind energy planning. Here, four important mesoscale wind maps were considered: DEDP (2001), World Bank (2001), Manomaiphiboon et al. (2010) of JGSEE, and DEDE (2010). The wind maps were first harmonized to a common grid at 100 m and then compared. The earlier wind maps (DEDP and World Bank) are shown to represent the lower and upper limits of predicted speed, respectively, while JGSEE and DEDE tend to be more moderate with predictions statistically closer to observations. A consolidated wind map was constructed based on their median and shown to have the best prediction performance. It was then used for the technical potential analysis, in which three large (2-MW) turbine models (two conventional and one designed for low wind speed) were considered. By GIS techniques, any land areas not feasible for large wind turbines were excluded, and the corresponding overall onshore technical potential ranges between 50 and 250 GW, depending on map and turbine model. Considering only economically feasible turbines (with capacity factors of 20%) and the median-based map, the final technical potential equals 17 GW when using the low-wind-speed model but is reduced to 5 GW with the conventional models, adequately meeting the national wind energy target of 3 GW by the year 2036. The results suggest a strong sensitivity of estimated technical potential to turbine technology and a suitability of low-wind-speed turbines for wind conditions in Thailand.     

大数据在环境技术进步中的应用

我国环境污染日益严重,政府加大环境保护力度势在必行,科学、有效的环境管理对保护环境、提高环境质量起着重要的作用。环境技术进步是环境管理有效且持久的驱动力,但是,环境技术进步的测度方法一直未能实现普适性。本文首先综述了技术进步对改善环境质量的重要性,在此基础上,阐述了各学者对技术进步和偏向型技术进步测量方法的探究。然后介绍了大数据在环境管理中的应用,在其应用经验的基础上,将其引入环境技术测度领域。大数据在该领域的应用为环境偏向型技术进步的测度提供了新的契机,同时,大数据的应用也增加了研究的困难性。最后,基于偏向型技术进步之间的矛盾,提出最优环境技术的理念。通过利用大数据,可以合理测度偏向型技术进步,实现生产偏向型技术进步和环境偏向型技术进步的合理配比,找出可以兼顾高产出和低污染物排放量的最优偏向型技术进步模式。并进一步结合各区域的差异性和关联性,能够测算出区域最优偏向型技术进步模式,找到有效的环境管理方式,为环境管理者与政策制定者提供合理参考。     

热镀锌过程污染综合防治改造工程实践

热镀锌生产是传统的重污染行业,单纯的"三废"治理,不仅存在着治理费用高,且存在着"二次污染"的问题。通过以广州某热镀锌生产污染综合防治改造工程为例,全面分析生产过程中存在的污染源,通过对生产工艺进行改造,提高原料及能源利用率,减少污染物的产生,实现污染的全过程综合防治,在此基础上,总结成功实施的经验,为类似项目的污染防治工作提供参考和借鉴。