活性污泥数学模型中进水易降解有机物的测定

ASM系列模型 (ASMs)自推出以来在欧美得到广泛应用。要想利用ASMs对特定污水处理过程进行准确的模拟 ,首先必须得到该过程污水的水质特性参数。介绍了连续式OUR计量法、序批式OUR计量法和絮凝过滤物理化学法等 3种测定ASMs中进水易降解有机物的方法 ,通过分析比较指出了各自的优缺点及适用情况。     

脉动跟踪除尘技术的应用研究

针对粉粒状物料在散装发送过程中 ,容易引起粉尘飞扬的问题 ,利用现代脉动跟踪技术和表面过滤技术 ,设计研制的除尘系统 ,始终将吸尘罩与料堆扬尘点的动态相对位置控制在合理的范围内 ,实现了粉粒状物流连续自动的、环保高效作用     

高频电磁辐射防护材料的研究

电磁污染已经成为一种不容忽视的全球性社会公害。因此，本文通过测量多种材料在不同高频电磁场源（即高频设备）和不同距离时对高频电磁场的屏蔽效率，获得了大量数据，并对所测数据用最小二乘法进行拟合处理，绘出了这些材料在不同高频场源下的屏蔽效果曲线。经分析，筛选出经济实用的高频近区场个人防护材料，具有推广应用的价值。     

阳极材料对医院污水电化学消毒处理效果的研究

分析了三维电极法处理医院污水的影响因素，探讨了阳极材料、电流密度．水力停留时间、空气流量、极水比等因素对消毒效果的影响，确定在不加化学药剂、不影响水质和低耗能条件下电化学消毒试验的最佳使用条件。结果表明，在用涂有贵金属（钌、铂、铱）氧化物的钛板作阳极，不锈钢板作阴极，电流密度为6mA／cm^2、水力停留时间为15min、空气流量为40L／h、极水比为1．0的试验条件下，消毒后污水中总大肠菌群数〈500CFU／L。电化学法消毒处理医院污水方法简单有效、运行费用低，无二次污染．处理后的污水达到国家一级排放标准（GB8978—1996）。     

Synthesis and biodegradation of poly(γ-butyrolactone-co-l-lactide)

Biodegradable polyesters were synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of -butyrolactone (BL) and its derivatives withl-lactide (LLA). Although tetraphenyl tin was the main catalyst used, other organometallic catalysts were used as well.¹H and¹³C NMR spectra showed that poly(BL-co-LLA)s were statistical and that their number-average molecular weights were as high as 7×10⁴. The maximum BL content obtained from copolymerization BL/LLA was around 17%. TheT _m andT _g values of the copolymers showed a gradual depression with an increase in BL content. NoT _m was obtained for the copolymers containing more than 13 mol% BL. The biodegradability of the copolyesters was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis and nonenzymatic hydrolysis tests. The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 37°C for 24 h using lipases fromRhizopus arrhizus andR. delemar. Hydrolyses by both lipases showed that an increase in BL content of the copolymer resulted in enhanced biodegradability. Nonenzymatic accelerated hydrolysis of copolymers at 70°C was found to increase proportionally to their exposure time. The hydrolysis rate of these copolymers was considerably faster than that of PLLA. The higher hydrolyzability was recorded for the BL-rich copolymers. The copolymerization of -methyl--butyrolactone (MBL) or -ethyl--butyrolactone (EBL) with LLA resulted in relatively LA-rich copolymers.     

Enzymatic degradation of poly([R,S] β-hydroxybutyrate)

The synthetic analogue of a bacterially produced polyester, poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was synthesized from racemic -butyrolactone using anin situ trimethyl aluminum-water catalyst. The polymer was fractionated into samples differing in molecular weight and isotactic diad content. The latter was closely related to degree of crystallinity. The biodegradation of these fractions were examined by monitoring mass loss over time in the presence of anAlcaligenes faecalis T1 extracellular bacterial poly(-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase. The fraction with high isotactic diad tacticity content showed little or no degradation over a 50 hour incubation period, whereas the fraction of intermediate isotactic diad content degraded in a continuous steady fashion at a rate that was less than that for bacterial PHB. The low isotactic diad fraction underwent a rapid initial degradation, followed by no further mass loss. The presence of stereoblocks in the polymer structure of the various fractions was an influence on the degree of susceptibility towards degradation and is related to sample crystallinity.     

含半无限长裂纹压电材料的Ⅲ型强度因子

研究了含半无限长裂纹压电材料在平面内电场和反平面荷载作用下的问题 ,得到了满足拉普拉斯方程、裂纹面边界条件的位移函数解和电势函数解及电弹场的基本解 ,并得到了应力、应变、电位移强度因子和能量释放率。研究结果表明 ,在裂尖 ,电场强度没有奇异性 ,而应变、应力、电位移具有奇异性。     

煤矿轴流式局部通风机的降噪试验研究

煤矿局部通风机（简称“局扇”）的噪声是煤矿掘进中的主要噪声源，分析了局扇噪声的产生机理，提出了减少局扇的动叶叶顶与机壳间隙，在局扇入口加阻性消声器和在机壳涂上一层阻尼材料等方法来控制局扇的噪声方法，方法在JBT52－2型局扇的试验研究表明，实施上海降噪措施，局扇的噪声有大幅度降低，可使局扇的噪声达到工矿企业噪声卫生标准要求。     

循环流化床锅炉床温控制方法

就目前电厂循环流化床锅炉运行中存在的床温波动问题，讨论了导致床温波动的因素，并针对性地提出了控制床温的一些措施。     

现代化工分离技术在环境保护中的应用

介绍了高效导向筛板、新型高效填料、超临界流体萃取等现代化工分离技术及其在清洁生产和废物处理方面的应用。