新型曝气生物滤池填料的研制及性能分析

以广西膨润土为原料制备新型曝气生物滤池填料。将质量分数分别为65％,3％,12％,20％的膨润土、黏结剂、造孔剂和钠化剂混合,用水调匀后经钠化、成型、干燥、煅烧后制成粒径为4～7mm、堆密度为0．7g／mL的球形膨润土多孔填料。在煅烧时间4h、煅烧温度500℃的条件下,该填料具有较高的机械强度和较好的耐水性。生物挂膜实验结果表明,该填料具有较强的吸附性能和阳离子交换性能,运行30d后对COD的去除率达到80％以上,对NH,-N的去除率达到87％以上。该填料生产工艺简单,成本低廉,具有广阔的市场前景,也为国内对膨润土的开发和利用提出了一个新的研究课题。     

利用无色硫细菌氧化废水中硫化物的研究

本试验直接以硫酸盐还原相出水作为进水,采用升流式好氧生物膜反应器．在室温（１８—２２℃）条件下,研究了利用好氧无色硫细菌去除水中硫化物的可行性。试验表明,当硫化物容积负荷达到１２ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）（以Ｈ２Ｓ计,下同）．水力停留时间为２２ｍｉｎ．ｐＨ值为７—８、溶解氧浓度为５．０—５．５ｍｇ／Ｌ时,硫化物的去除率可达９０％以上,被去除的硫化物几乎全部转化为单质硫,同时有机物的去除率约为１０％。试验结果还表明,反应器内所需的溶解氧浓度和ｐＨ值的升高值分别与进水硫化物负荷和硫化物去除负荷里线性关系。     

生物膜氧化法治理增塑剂生产废水研究

采用厌氧 生物膜氧化法治理增塑剂生产高浓度有机废水 ,工业性实验结果表明 ,在进水COD浓度 552 0 .0～ 5760 0 .0mg/L ,硫酸盐浓度 32 55 .0mg/L左右的条件下 ,出水的COD最大去除率可达到 99.96 %。     

Screening the emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China by multi-effects evaluation

We develop a multi-effect evaluation method to assess integrated impact of VOCs. Enable policy-makers to identify important emission sources, regions, and key species. Solvent usage and industrial process are the most important anthropogenic sources. Styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene are key species to be cut. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the atmosphere via three main pathways: photochemical ozone formation, secondary organic aerosol production, and direct toxicity to humans. Few studies have integrated these effects to prioritize control measures for VOCs sources. In this study, we developed a multi-effects evaluation methodology based on updated emission inventories and source profiles, by combining the ozone formation potential (OFP), secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP), and VOC toxicity data. We derived species-specific emission inventories for 152 sources. The OFPs, SOAPs, and toxicity of each source were estimated, the contribution and sharing of source to each of these adverse effects were calculated. Weightings were given to the three adverse effects by expert scoring, and then the integrated effect was determined. Taking 2012 as the base year, solvent use and industrial process were found to be the most important anthropogenic sources, accounting for 24.2% and 23.1% of the integrated effect, respectively, followed by biomass burning, transportation, and fossil fuel combustion, each had a similar contribution ranging from 16.7% to 18.6%. The top five industrial sources, including plastic products, rubber products, chemical fiber products, the chemical industry, and oil refining, accounted for nearly 70.0% of industrial emissions. Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong were the five provinces contributing the largest integrated effects. For the VOC species from emissions showed the largest contributions were styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene.     

Effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency in a moving bed biofilm reactor

Three laboratory-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) with different carrier filling ratios ranging from 40% to 60% were used to study the effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three MBBRs in degrading chemical oxygen demand and ammonia. The three reactors removed more than 95% of NH ₄ ⁺ -N at an air flow-rate of 60 L·h^–1. The standard oxygen transfer efficiency (αSOTE) of the three reactors was also investigated at air flow-rates ranging from 60 to 100 L·h^–1. These results were compared to αSOTE of wastewater with a clean carrier (no biofilm attached). Results showed that under these process conditions, αSOTE decreased by approximately 70% as compared to αSOTE of wastewater at a different carrier-filling ratio. This indicated that the biofilm attached to the carrier had a negative effect on αSOTE. Mechanism analysis showed that the main inhibiting effects were related to biofilm flocculants and soluble microbial product (SMP). Biofilm flocs could decrease αSOTE by about 20%, and SMP could decrease αSOTE by 30%–50%.     

A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies (including MBBR)

In the paper concepts for wastewater treatment of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration. In the paper concepts for domestic wastewater treatment plants of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration.     

分段进水多级生物膜反应器脱氮效能影响因素研究

采用分段进水多级生物膜反应器处理高氮低碳小城镇污水,考察负荷、溶解氧和温度对反应器脱氮效能的影响。实验结果表明:负荷、溶解氧和温度对反应器脱氮效能有显著影响。在水温为20～25℃,DO为5 mg/L,负荷为1 kgCOD/(m3.d),挂膜密度为30%,第1、3、6级分段进水,流量分配比为2∶2∶1的条件下,在反应器中可成功构建出高效同时硝化反硝化系统,出水COD、NH4+-N和TN浓度分别为33 mg/L、2.6 mg/L和29.4 mg/L,去除率分别为90.1%、96.0%和63.9%。当水温≤15℃时,硝化速率受温度的影响显著。     

附着性胞外多聚物对HMBR膜污染控制性能的影响

采用复合式膜生物反应器（HMBR）处理城市生活污水,对附着性胞外多聚物影响HMBR膜污染控制性能的作用机理进行了研究。实验结果表明,HMBR中附着性胞外多聚物、松散附着性胞外多聚物和紧密附着性胞外多聚物的浓度比常规膜生物反应器分别降低了10．0％、43．6％和2．1％。附着性胞外多聚物与膜表面滤饼层污泥比阻的关系较为密切,随着其浓度逐渐降低,滤饼层污泥比阻相应减小。与紧密附着性胞外多聚物相比,松散附着性胞外多聚物对滤饼层污泥比阻的影响程度更深。因此,随着反应器中附着性胞外多聚物特别是松散附着性胞外多聚物浓度的降低,HMBR的膜污染控制性能增强,反应器中膜表面的滤饼层阻力比常规膜生物反应器降低了56．9％。     

饮用水臭氧氧化处理过程中溴酸根的产生及控制

论述了给水处理中溴酸根（BrO3-）的健康危害、产生机理、影响因素及其控制和去除方法。采用臭氧氧化处理含溴离子（Br-）水时,会产生以BrO3-为主的臭氧化副产物。BrO3-的生成与Br-初始浓度、臭氧投加量、水温、无机碳浓度、水中天然有机物（NOM）的种类和浓度、以及水的pH值等因素有关。目前研究较多的削减BrO3-...     

磁性多孔微球固定化硫酸盐还原菌的研究

以磁性多孔微球为载体,采用吸附法固载硫酸盐还原菌,用于磁性稳态流化床。通过扫描电镜等方法研究生物膜的组成,计算出反应器中磁性多孔微球的浓度、生物膜量和生物膜浓度等,并进行了磁性稳态流化床净化SO2废气初步实验。结果表明,MSFB反应器中的生物膜浓度为15．60g／L,生物膜厚度为105．60μm,MPM上固定的生物量高达109．80mg／g。磁性稳态流化床净化SO2废气,净化效率可达90％以上;并考察了pH和气液比对SO2吸收率的影响,这对进一步研究微生物法脱除烟气SO2具有重要意义。