Characterizing food waste substrates for co-digestion through biochemical methane potential (BMP) experiments

Co-digestion of food waste with dairy manure is increasingly utilized to increase energy production and make anaerobic digestion more affordable; however, there is a lack of information on appropriate co-digestion substrates. In this study, biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were conducted to determine the suitability of four food waste substrates (meatball, chicken, cranberry and ice cream processing wastes) for co-digestion with flushed dairy manure at a ratio of 3.2% food waste and 96.8% manure (by volume), which equated to 14.7% (ice-cream) to 80.7% (chicken) of the VS being attributed to the food waste. All treatments led to increases in methane production, ranging from a 67.0% increase (ice cream waste) to a 2940% increase (chicken processing waste) compared to digesting manure alone, demonstrating the large potential methane production of food waste additions compared to relatively low methane production potential of the flushed dairy manure, even if the overall quantity of food waste added was minimal.     

沼渣生物炭基Fenton催化剂的制备及其高效降解吡虫啉农药废水的研究

以废弃物沼渣和含铁剩余污泥为原料,采用一步热解法制备沼渣生物炭基Fenton催化剂(以下简称催化剂),构建了非均相Fenton反应体系处理含吡虫啉模拟废水,考察了H2 O2和催化剂用量对吡虫啉去除率的影响.结果表明,非均相Fenton反应体系中,H2 O2最佳投加量为0.50 g/L,催化剂最佳投加量为1.00 g/L...     

加饲不同数量的沼液对育肥猪的影响

用4组共32头仔猪进行了三种不同喂量的沼液饲养试验。试验结果表明,在饲料消化能为12.1MJ/kg、粗朊10％的营养水平下,按饲料量(风干重)的1.5倍加饲沼液对育肥猪有显著的增重效果(P<0.05),平均比对照净增20.6％,饲料利用率提高17％,育肥期缩短25％左右,有明显的生态效益和经济效益。     

麦秸与奶牛场废水高固体混合厌氧发酵产甲烷研究

在实验室条件下,以麦秸和奶牛场废水为原料,设计麦秸与奶牛场废水质量比1∶4(T1)、1∶3(T2)和1∶2(T3)以及对照(麦秸与水质量比1∶4(T4))4个处理,研究发酵过程中日产气量、甲烷含量、发酵前后麦秸理化特性和结构的变化.结果表明,奶牛场废水与麦秸在中温、高固体条件下,厌氧发酵可以正常进行,且产气期延长2周以上,对甲烷含量的影响不大;厌氧发酵初始TS浓度对系统产气的影响较大,麦秸产气量随TS浓度的增加而降低,以T1的产气效果最好,麦秸TS产气量为0.41 L.g-1,较T4提高了17.14%,平均甲烷含量为48.78%;厌氧发酵后,麦秸半纤维素含量大幅降低,纤维素含量少许降低,降低幅度均为T1>T2>T4>T3,木质素含量稍有增加,各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);FTIR和XRD的结果表明,厌氧发酵后,麦秸纤维素结晶区的相对含量增加,混合发酵可以促进厌氧微生物对麦秸纤维素结晶区的破坏.将麦秸与奶牛场废水(质量比)1∶4混合发酵产沼气是可行的,且促进了厌氧微生物对麦秸有机物的分解破坏,提高了麦秸产气量.     

Effect of Fenton pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater and olive mill solid waste in mesophilic conditions

The olive mill waste (OMW) generated from olive oil extraction process constitutes a major environmental concern owing to its high organic and mineral matters and acidic pH. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a main treatment for reducing the organic matter and toxic substances contained in OMW and generating at the same time, energy in the form of biogas. AD of OMW that contains lignocellulose is limited by the rate of hydrolysis due to their recalcitrant structure. This study is devoted to the effect of Fenton process (FP) pretreatment on olive mill wastewater (OMSW) /olive mill solid waste (OMWW) co-digestion to improve their digestibility and in this way the biogas production. The FP pretreatment was performed in batch mode at 25°C, various H₂O₂/[Fe²⁺] ratios (100–1200), catalyst concentration ([Fe²⁺]) ranging from 0.25 to 2 mM, reaction time varying from 30 to150 min, and different pH (3–11). The best performance was obtained with H₂O₂/[Fe²⁺] = 1000, [Fe²⁺] = 1.5 mM, 120 min, and pH 3. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests conducted in batch wise digester and at mesophilic conditions (37 °C) showed that cumulative biogas and methane production were higher without FP treatment, and correspond to 699 and 416 mL/g VS, respectively. However, pre-treated OMSW results into an increase of 24% of methane yield. After 30 days of AD, the methane yield was 63%, 54%, and 48%, respectively, for OMSW treated without iron precipitation, with iron precipitation and untreated OMSW sample.     

连续流SNAD工艺处理猪场沼液启动过程中微生物种群演变及脱氮性能

为了实现合建式连续流同步部分亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化和反硝化SNAD(simultaneous partial nitrification,ANAMMOX,and denitrification)工艺处理实际猪场沼液,保持温度为(30±1)℃,控制溶解氧(DO)为(0.4±0.1)mg·L~(-1),首先通过逐步提高模拟进水氨氮浓度来实现SNAD工艺的启动,然后实现SNAD工艺处理实际猪场沼液的稳定运行.同时,采用高通量测序和实时定量PCR(qPCR)技术对反应器启动前后及沼液替换成功时关键生物种群进行分析.结果表明,150 d左右可实现SNAD工艺的启动, 298 d完成实际沼液的替换,其出水(NO~-_3-N+NO~-_2-N)/ΔNH~+_4-N小于0.11,对NH~+_4-N和TN的平均去除率为63.26%和55.71%.高通量测序结果表明,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,相对丰度50.78%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 13.34%)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes, 9.26%)是沼液替换成功时污泥中的优势菌门;主要优势脱氮菌属Nitrosomonas的相对丰度由启动前1.55%增加到1.98%;两类具有厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)功能菌Candidatus_Brocadia和Candidatus_Kuenenia的相对丰度分别从启动前0.01%和未检出(0.01%)增加到4.66%和4.18%;Denitratisoma作为主要的反硝化菌,丰度由启动前未检出(0.01%)增加到2.06%.qPCR结果表明,与接种污泥相比,沼液替换成功后AOB、ANAMMOX菌和反硝化菌的含量均有明显增加.将SNAD工艺用于实际猪场沼液处理,可实现高效稳定脱氮,节约后续处理成本.     

厌氧发酵沼气提纯技术研究进展

厌氧消化产生的沼气主要成分是甲烷(CH4)50%～70%和二氧化碳(CO2)30%～50%,是一种可持续有价值的能量来源。随着矿石燃料的枯竭,沼气利用的需求不断增长,将沼气提纯到甲烷含量90%以上可取代天然气而受到广泛关注。目前沼气提纯在工业上主要通过变压吸附、吸收或膜分离等技术实现CO2的去除,也有研究者探索了原位沼气提纯技术,即在厌氧反应器中通过一定的措施实现沼气提纯,为现阶段沼气提纯技术提供新的思路和研究方向。     

浅谈我国垃圾渗滤液的处理

总结了我国垃圾渗滤液的特点,针对这些特点,分析了适合我国国情的垃圾渗滤液处理推荐技术的优缺点,指出了在处理不同地区、不同垃圾渗滤液时,必须具体情况具体分析,不可盲目照搬“成熟”工艺。     

基于沼气综合利用的乳业循环经济模式探讨与实践

为了解决乳业快速发展带来的环境污染和资源浪费问题,运用循环经济理论;分析探讨乳业循环经济模式,以镇江市长江乳业有限公司为例,建立“奶牛—沼气—种植—奶牛？的良性生态循环经济模式,企业的年运行效益为24．51万元,静态投资回收期为7.7年。研究结果对于实现乳业可持续发展,为相关企业节能减排,提高效益,探索畜禽粪便资源化利用的技术途径,建设乳业循环经济模式提供了参考。     

几种农业有机废弃物沼气发酵工艺条件优化研究

以农业有机废弃物鲜猪粪、干稻草、青草、南瓜叶以及菜叶为原料,沼气产量和甲烷产量为指标,采用4因素3水平的正交实验设计方法对沼气发酵工艺参数优化配置进行了实验研究。结果表明反应器内原料碳氮比、原料固体浓度、反应环境温度以及投加微量元素对沼气发酵均有不同程度的影响,其中反应环境温度对沼气产量的影响显著。最优工艺条件为原料碳氮比25:1、固体浓度8%、温度35℃、投加微量元素Co。