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考察了辽河沉积物p,p'-DDT在无外加碳源和外加乳酸钠或丙酸钠情况下的缺氧生的降解行为,降解过程中体系的pH变化,并测定了p,p'-DDT的主要缺氧降解产物及其浓度变化,结果表现,p,p'-DDT的缺氧脱氯行为符合准一级反应动力学,无外加碳源,DDT的缺氧脱氯降解有近一个月的滞后期,降解速率为k(无碳源)=0.0082d^-1,而外加碳源物质,大大缩短了DDT缺氧脱氯降解的滞后,降解速率分别为k(乳酸钠)=0.0917d^-1,k(丙酸钠)=0.1023d^-1,而且,p,p'-DDT的缺氧还原脱氯行为主要发生在体系中pH上升的阶段,p-p'-DDT缺氧生物降解的主要产物是p,p'-DDD,并有少量的p,p'-DDE产生;p,p'-DDD主要发生在体系中pH上升的阶段,p,p'-DDT缺氧生物降解的主要产物是p,p'-DDD,并有少量的p,p'-DDE产生,p,p'-DDD在后期有降解。 相似文献
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Recent laboratory and field studies have shown that food-grade edible oils can be injected into the subsurface for installation of in-situ permeable reactive barriers. However to be effective, the oil must be distributed out away from the oil injection points without excessive permeability loss. In this work, we examine the distribution of soybean oil in representative aquifer sediments as non-aqueous phase liquid oil (NAPL oil) or as an oil-in-water emulsion. Laboratory columns packed with sands or clayey sands were flushed with either NAPL oil or a soybean emulsion followed by plain water, while monitoring permeability loss and the final oil residual saturation. NAPL oil can be injected into coarse-grained sands. However NAPL injection into finer grained sediments requires high injection pressures which may not be feasible at some sites. In addition, NAPL injection results in high oil residual saturations and moderate permeability losses. In contrast, properly prepared emulsions can be distributed through sands with varying clay content without excessive pressure buildup, low oil retention and very low to moderate permeability loss. For effective transport, the emulsion must be stable, the oil droplets must be significantly smaller than the mean pore size of the sediment and the oil droplets should have a low to moderate tendency to stick to each other and the aquifer sediments. In our work, oil retention and associated permeability loss increased with sediment clay content and with the ratio of droplet size to pore size. For sandy sediments, the permeability loss is modest (0-40% loss) and is proportional to the oil residual saturation. 相似文献
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景观水体的生物激活剂修复 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
采用由纯天然物质制成的生物激活剂Bio Oxidator^TM(BO)和Nutra Complex^TM(NC)对上海植物园兰室和牡丹园的湖水进行修复。结果表明,施用生物激活剂BO和NC对水体COD、BOD、TP、浊度等均有显著的去除效果。并可显著提升水体溶解氧。所用生物激活剂不含外来菌种,对动物和鱼类无毒性。与其他修复方法相比,该种水体修复技术具有易于操作、成本低、无二次污染等优点,在园林池塘、住宅小区的人工湖以及其它相对封闭或半封闭的水体修复方面,具有良好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
247.
古廖涌黑臭水体生物修复及维护试验 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
利用生物氧化塘、底泥生物氧化、水体生物修复和河道生态恢复等技术,对广州市古廖涌黑臭水体进行治理.结果表明,在进水流量5000~8000m^3/d的高负荷工业废水和生活污水冲量下,通过生物治理,消除了水体黑臭现象,从上游到下游,水色由暗黄逐步转为黄、黄绿;在上游不断流入污水情况下,CODcr除去率达50%以上,NH3-N除去率为70%,H2S除去率达80%以上.从2003年8月到2004年3月,河道生物多样性逐步增加,先后出现枝角类、桡足类动物和鱼类.表明对于暂时无法截污的城郊河道,可以利用废弃的鱼塘、空地等对污水进行预处理,再通过上述措施和技术进行生物治理,可取得良好治理效果.本研究为城市黑臭河道,特别是暂时无法截污的城郊河道的治理和养护提供了一套切实可行的方法.图3参18 相似文献
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Bioremediation of metal contamination 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
A study was initiated to evaluate the use of the fungus Aspergillus niger for bioleaching and then todetermine the effect of process steps, the tailingsconcentration and type of substrate. An oxidized miningtailing containing mainly copper (7240 mg kg-1 tailings) was studied. A sucrose and mineral salts medium was initially used to produce citric and gluconic acids by A. niger atvarious concentrations of tailings (1, 5, 7, 10 and 15% w/v).Maximal removal of up to 60% of the copper was obtained forthe 5% tailings when the organic acid supernatant was addedto the tailings. In a single step process, A. niger wasthen grown in the presence of mining tailings at variousconcentrations. Maximum copper solubilization (63%) occurredwith 10% mining tailings using sucrose as the substrate.Other substrates were then evaluated including molasses, corncobs and brewery waste (10% mining tailings). Sucrose gavethe best results for copper removal, followed by molasses,corn cobs and brewery waste. Other experiments usingultrasound as a pretreatment showed that 80% removal of thecopper could be obtained for a 5% tailings concentration. Inconclusion, leaching of copper from mining tailings istechnically feasible using A. niger but furtherresearch will be required to increase the economic feasibilityof the process. 相似文献
249.
铀(U)污染对生态环境和人类健康的潜在危害受到越来越多的关注.U(VI)还原细菌可将U(VI)还原至U(IV),从而降低铀在水中的溶解性和移动性,达到污染修复的目的.目前发现的U(VI)还原细菌主要包括但不限于铁还原菌和硫酸盐还原菌.本文综述了细菌还原U(VI)的分子生物学机理,重点阐述了U(VI)还原细菌的胞外电子转移方式,包括希瓦氏菌的金属还原方式、土杆菌的孔蛋白介导方式和微生物纳米线方式.竞争性电子受体和共存离子对细菌还原U(VI)有重要影响.目前细菌还原U(VI)过程中胞外电子转移的机理仍需更多实证,土杆菌利用微生物纳米线和细胞色素协作调控电子转移的机制尚不明确.今后可将研究聚焦于细菌还原U(VI)机理的验证和完善,并开发和优化基于微生物还原的铀污染修复技术,进而提高铀污染生物修复效率和稳定性. 相似文献
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