用草浆造纸黑液制取活性炭

本法用酸水解炭化、ZnCl_2活化法处理草浆造纸黑液生产活性炭.结果表明,由7—8Be的草浆黑液1L可制20g左右的活性炭.活性炭的碘值>1000mg/g,亚甲基兰值>180ml/g,其主要指标已超过我国LY216-79和日本JIS K1426标准一级品的要求.提取活性炭后,黑液中COD_(Cr)去除率达72％,色度去除率达93％.残液还可作提取Na_2SO_4、糠醛的原料.     

糖矿浆尿素复合秸杆处理剂的应用研究

用处理造纸废液的资源化产品──精矿浆与尿素混合处理秸杆,可提高秸杆作为家畜饲料的利用率。本实验用绵羊瘤胃内４８ｈ干物质消失率（ＤＭｄｐ）作为对家畜可利用程度的指标。用河北涿州市造纸厂的糖矿浆处理的稻草干物质消失率提高了４０％,中性洗涤纤维含量降低了２２．６％。稻草和玉米杆经糖矿浆尿素混合处理后饲喂绵羊日增重较氨化秸杆分别提高了２２．８％和９．２５％。     

氟化铵和氨循环法从脱腊脱油废白土中制取白炭黑

利用NH4F与废白土中SiO₂反应生成的（NH4）SiF6溶液和NH₃,进行闭路循环反应,生成NH4F与水合SiO₂（白炭黑）,通过正交优化,得到最佳工艺为：氟化反应,NH₄F∶废白土＝1.28,NH₄F∶水＝0.9,反应温度60℃,反应时间4h;氨化反应,反应温度60℃,反应时间8h,投料比＝2〔25％氨水mL/（NH₄）SiF₆g〕。循环试验结果表明,NH4F转化率可达82％,白炭黑产率达90％以上,只需补充少量NH₄F和氨水,就能在不产生环境污染的情况下从废白土中制取白炭黑。     

利用赤泥和造纸黑液研制散煤固硫助燃剂

根据钙系固硫剂固硫原理 ,将高CaO含量赤泥加入散煤中燃烧 ,发现其能够起到固硫的效果。但是赤泥的加入影响原煤的发热量 ,因此利用高有机质含量的造纸黑液来弥补其发热量的损失 ,从而研制成功了固硫助燃剂。试验结果表明 :固硫助燃剂能够起到对燃煤固硫助燃的效果 ,具有良好的应用前景     

底泥与衰亡植物营养释放及细菌群落演替差异的比较分析

为揭示两种"湖泛"因素对水质影响及细菌群落演替差异,对泸沽湖草海底泥和衰亡植物营养释放过程进行对比研究,并通过冗余分析阐明影响细菌群落不同阶段变化的主要环境因子.结果表明,前期是衰亡植物与底泥营养释放及细菌演替差异显著的主要阶段.植物腐解过程中,细菌前期厌氧发酵更剧烈,水体迅速处于低pH、低DO和低ORP(Oxidat...     

Removal of methylene blue by coupling black carbon adsorption with TiO2 photodegradation

In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by the coupling of black carbon (BC) and TiO₂ was investigated. The effects of different parameters such as catalyst dose, sorbent, initial concentrations of dye, pH of the solutions, recycles on discoloration, and chemical oxidation demand (COD) reduction of MB were monitored to optimize the reaction conditions. The discoloration and COD conversation rate of MB obtained by the coupling process were 100% after 90?min irradiation. The synergistic effect of MB-adsorption on BC followed by degradation through TiO₂ photocatalysis was proved by FT–IR spectrophotometer. The BC as by-product of natural materials is a promising adsorbent for waste water treatment.     

均匀设计法优化造纸黑液的湿式氧化法处理工艺

通过均匀设计实验,对造纸黑液进行湿式氧化处理,数据回归得到CODCr、吸光度、浊度的回归方程,各回归方程显著,氧分压对造纸黑液各指标影响最大;研究反应过程中反应温度、氧分压、进水pH值、进水浓度、搅拌强度、反应时间对造纸黑液湿式氧化(WAO)处理的影响,6因素优化的操作条件依次为:180℃、3.0MPa、7.25、5500mg/L、500r/min、60min;在优化的操作条件下,造纸黑液的CODCr、CODCr去除率为1661mg/L、69.8%,吸光度、脱色率为0.63、96.3%,浊度、浊度去除率为661NTU、74.8%.均匀设计法在造纸黑液WAO处理中得到了较好的应用.     

Carbon sequestration of black locust forests in the Yellow River Delta region,China

The Yellow River Delta region in China is a land area of 1,200,000 ha with rich natural resources. Adverse environmental conditions, such as low rainfall and high salinity, promote the dominance of black locust trees for afforestation. With the increase of CO₂ in the atmosphere, this forest and others throughout the world have become valued for their ability to sequester and store carbon. Forests store carbon in aboveground biomass (i.e. trees), belowground biomass (i.e. roots), soils and standing litter crop (i.e. forest floor and coarse woody debris). There are well-developed methods to sample forest ecosystems, including tree inventories that are used to quantify carbon in aboveground tree biomass. Such inventories are used to estimate the types of roundwood products removed from the forest during harvesting. Based on standard plot inventories and stem analyses, carbon sequestration estimates of trees were 222.41 t ha^?1 for the Yellow River Delta region accounted for 67.12% of the whole forest. Similarly, carbon storage by herbaceous matter and soil was 0.50 and 50.34 t ha^?1, respectively. The results suggest that carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystem was performed by most of the forest, which plays an increasingly important role in sequestering carbon as the stand grows.     

辽宁地区大气黑碳气溶胶质量浓度在线连续观测

利用2008年3月—2009年2月辽宁沈阳、大连、鞍山、抚顺和本溪ρ(黑碳)观测资料,分析了其变化特征及重要影响因子. 结果表明,5个城市小时ρ(黑碳)的变幅较大,最小值出现在抚顺秋季的2008年9月23日00:00,ρ(黑碳)为0.14 μg/m3,最大值出现在本溪冬季的2008年11月11日08:00,ρ(黑碳)为64.52 μg/m3;本溪ρ(黑碳)日均值最高,为6.87 μg/m3,其次是沈阳、鞍山和抚顺,大连的ρ(黑碳)日均值最小,为3.18 μg/m3;ρ(黑碳)日变化有明显的峰值和谷值,最高值一般出现在06:00─09:00和17:00─19:00,低值出现在02:00─04:00和12:00─15:00;风速对ρ(黑碳)有重要影响,当风速<3.5 m/s时,ρ(黑碳)随风速增大而减小,当风速>3.5 m/s时,风速对ρ(黑碳)的影响不大;后向风轨迹较好地反映污染物在不同城市区域间的传输特征,在冬季沈阳以上风区域北部影响为主;ρ(黑碳)日均值变化和大气低层垂直温度梯度变化有较好的对应关系.      

草浆造纸黑液无污染排放治理新方案——双极膜电渗析法回收碱

介绍碱法草浆黑液采用膜技术处理的各种方案,着重介绍了碱法草浆黑液资源化全回收技术并提出了新的技术方案,该方案是先用硫酸中和酸析黑液中的木质素,或用纳滤方案回收木质素,然后采用双极膜电渗析法回收已去除木质素的黑液中的酸和碱,最后经蒸发和喷雾干燥回收其中的糖、其他营养成分及大部分水,达到无污染排放的目的。该方案碱回收率在50%～80%,取决于黑液中碱的浓度,回收1 t碱的耗电量低于2 500 kW.h。该法的基本投资比同规模碱回收法节省60%以上,具有较好的经济效益。