燃煤烟气中SO3成因、影响及其减排对策

煤燃烧过程中产生的SO3不仅造成了酸性烟雾,而且排放时会形成蓝色或黄色烟羽,增加了烟囱排放的烟羽浊度,破环了景观。近年来,火电厂烟囱常见的蓝烟/黄烟现象给周边大气环境带来一定的影响。针对部分燃煤电厂在脱硫、脱硝装置投运后,出现蓝烟/黄烟现象进行了研究,并提出了可供选择的控制对策和建议。     

微乳法制备Fe-TiO_2纳米晶复合体及光催化性能

采用微乳法制备铁掺杂TiO2纳米晶（Fe-TiO2）复合体,通过热重-差热（TG-DTA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和紫外漫反射光谱（DRS）等对其结构和形态进行表征;以亚甲基蓝溶液（MB）为标准模拟降解物,对Fe-TiO2,纯TiO2和P25光催化降解性能进行评价。结果表明,Fe-TiO2的光催化活性明显〉P25,原因是Fe掺杂不仅能抑制TiO2晶粒生长,提高TiO2的热稳定性和比表面积,而且能够拓展TiO2的吸收波长范围至可见光区,提高了Ti3＋离子浓度,降低了光生载流子的复合几率。     

CuO/TiO2-H2O2可见光催化亚甲基蓝脱色效果及影响因素研究

以水解法制备的锐钛矿型TiO2为载体,制备了CuO/TiO2型光催化剂.以亚甲基蓝为对象,在可见光照射下研究了H2O3加入量、pH值和催化剂投加量对脱色效果的影响,同时与改性前的TiO2催化剂进行了脱色效果的对比.结果表明亚甲基蓝在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和CuO/TiO2催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入10 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好;另外,TiO2催化剂也在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入12.5 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好.最优条件下对比实验表明,CuO/TiO2型催化剂在可见光照射下具有很高的催化活性,亚甲基蓝2 h脱色率达到88%,远好于改性前的TiO2和Degussa P25催化剂.     

Thermochemical esterifying citric acid onto lignocellulose for enhancing methylene blue sorption capacity of rice straw

In this paper, rice straw was esterified thermochemically with citric acid (CA) to produce potentially biodegradable cationic sorbent. The modified rice straw (MRS) and crude rice straw (CRS) were evaluated for their methylene blue (MB) removal capacity from aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters (e.g., initial pH, sorbent dose, dye concentration, ion strength, and contact time) were examined. The ratio of MB sorbed on CRS increased as the initial pH was increased from pH 2 to 10. For MRS, the MB removal ratio came up to the maximum value beyond pH 3. The 1.5g/l or up of MRS could almost completely remove the dye from 250mg/l of MB solution. The ratio of MB sorbed kept above 98% over a range from 50 to 450mg/l of MB concentration when 2.0g/l of MRS was used. Increase in ion strength of solution induced decline of MB sorption. The isothermal data fitted the Langmuir model. The sorption processes followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion rate constant (k(id)) was greatly increased due to modification.     

黑曲霉对弱酸性艳兰RAWL的吸附动力学和热力学研究

借助吸附等温线比较了不同pH以及完整细胞与单细胞壁染料生物的吸附性能差异,化学修饰研究了菌体表面不同官能团对染料吸附的贡献,考察了不同温度下染料生物的吸附动力学,并进行了模型拟合.结果表明,黑曲霉的染料吸附较好地符合Freundlich方程( R2 ＞0.99),低pH值有利于染料吸附;染料吸附不仅发生在细胞壁,细胞内部也可发生;表面氨基作为主要的吸附官能团,其质子化导致的菌体正电荷和染料负离子间的静电引力作用是染料吸附的重要机理;吸附动力学可用拟二级速率方程描述( R2 =0.999 9);吸附活化能 Ea=5.21 kJ/mol,表明吸附具一定的活化性.     

信息家电远程控制系统及其安全

利用蓝牙技术构建信息家电网络,通过Internet或PSTN(公共交换电话网)对信息家电实现远程控制。笔者给出了基于蓝牙技术的信息家电网络的组成,设计了基于PSTN的远程控制系统。系统采用单片机控制,用户可使用固定电话或手机,根据系统提供的语音提示对其进行远程控制。输入初始密码,由双音多频收号器接收密码,并由系统进行验证,只有正确输入密码,用户才有权对系统进行操作,且可连续对信息家电系统中多个设备实施远程控制。初始密码验证通过后,用户可以根据语音提示很方便地进行密码的设置和修改。通过设置密码和蓝牙技术的安全机制,提供了信息家电网络和远程控制系统的安全保障。     

水中硫化物测定方法的研究

改进了用于水中硫化物测定的酸化－吹取－吸收预处理方法,对样样预处理条件及校准曲线的制作 进行了详细试验。该方法具有吹取完全,吸收安全、操作简单、准确度高的优点,适用于水和废水中微量硫化物的测定。     

To court or not to court: reproductive decisions by male fiddler crabs in response to fluctuating food availability

For males, courting and foraging are often behavioral alternatives, which take time and consume energy. When males have a possibility of mating with receptive females, there may be a behavioral trade-off between courtship and feeding; the outcome of which may be affected by male physiological condition and food availability. Although many mathematical models and empirical studies suggest that the expression of male courtship signals are condition-dependent, decisions about courtship and mating strategies in relation to food availability have not attracted much attention. In this study, we tested whether daily changes in food availability affect males’ decisions about whether to court. We conducted experiments with the fiddler crab Uca lactea by providing males with additional food every other day. In food-supplemented enclosures, males did not increase courtship activity on the days when food was supplemented. However, they built more courtship structures (semidomes) and waved more on the days when they were not given additional food. Male size had a strong influence on the number of days the males courted. We also tested whether the frequency of surface mating, as an alternative reproductive tactic, decreased when food was supplemented. Contrary to our expectation, the number of males that exhibited the surface-mating tactic increased when food was supplemented whereas the number of mate-searching females did not change. Our findings in this field study suggest that reproductive decisions by male fiddler crabs are affected by fluctuating food availability and present body condition, and the alternative mating tactic of this species may be more frequently used by males under good condition.     

PDMDAAC-阳离子膨润土的比表面积和吸蓝量的研究

以工业聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和钠基膨润土为原料,采用水溶液吸附的方法和高温活化法合成阳离子膨润土复合材料,用次甲基蓝滴定法测定膨润土与阳离子膨润土的吸蓝量;用BET氮气吸附法测定比表面积,最后用阳离子膨润土处理染料废水．结果表明,与膨润土相比,阳离子膨润土的吸蓝量和比表面积有了不同程度的提高,随着吸附量的增加,吸蓝量和比表面积都增大,对废水的处理效果表明,阳离子膨润土的脱色率和COD的去除率都有较大的提高．     

长江下游中华绒螯蟹成蟹资源现状(2007~2011年)

根据2007~2011年在长江安徽段和江苏段的中华绒螯蟹成蟹汛期调查结果,研究了长江下游中华绒螯蟹的资源变动特征。中华绒螯蟹平均体重在空间分布上基本呈现由上游至下游逐步下降的趋势,在时间上各江段变动规律各有不同,最大平均体重出现于2010年的安庆江段,为0.25kg;最小平均体重出现于2008年的靖江江段,为0.05kg。安徽段总捕捞量为9.07~30.44t,汛末瞬时资源量为3.01~6.07t,总资源量为12.09~36.50t;江苏段总捕捞量为6.76~48.28t,汛末瞬时资源量为2.85~10.19t,总资源量为9.88~55.92t。近5a长江下游中华绒螯蟹汛期捕捞强度为0.75~0.86,捕捞压力处于高位,加之长江下游中华绒螯蟹幼蟹、蟹苗捕捞作业逐步恢复,中华绒螯蟹资源仍面临着严峻的问题。为促进中华绒螯蟹资源的可持续利用,建议全江禁捕,建立中华绒螯蟹保护区,加大增殖放流力度、加强科学研究及渔政管理。