秸秆生物炭对有机染料的吸附作用及机制

研究了裂解温度分别为500℃和700℃的两种水稻秸秆生物炭(分别标记为W500、W700)对有机染料日落黄和亚甲基蓝的吸附作用及机制.同时,针对实际印染废水的特点,考察了反应温度、p H和硫酸盐对吸附去除效率的影响.结果显示,生物炭对两种染料的吸附均符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附曲线均可用Freundlich模型较好地描述,但其对两种染料的吸附机制显著不同.生物炭对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝的吸附主要通过离子交换作用,随着生物炭裂解温度升高,其极性基团减少,离子交换作用减弱.生物炭对阴离子染料日落黄的吸附则主要通过生物炭芳香结构与日落黄分子芳环之间的π-π相互作用,随裂解温度升高,生物炭芳香化程度增大,π-π作用随之增大;生物炭对两种染料的吸附去除效率均随反应温度的升高(5~45℃)而增大,且在3p H11、硫酸盐浓度25~2500 mg·L~(-1)的变化范围内,吸附去除效率均保持稳定.     

亚甲基蓝褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量Cu~(2+)

研究了在聚乙二醇-200(PEG-200)活化下,Cu2+催化H2O2氧化亚甲基蓝的褪色反应,建立了亚甲基蓝褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量Cu2+的方法。在25mL容量瓶中,加入1.00mL pH为11.68的氨水溶液、2.00mL H2O2溶液(质量分数15%)、1.00mL亚甲基蓝溶液(质量浓度0.20mg/mL)、3.00mL PEG-200溶液,76℃恒温反应5min后冷却,测定吸光度,根据加Cu2+溶液和不加Cu2+溶液的吸光度差值与Cu2+质量浓度绘制了工作曲线,并由试样的吸光度差值确定痕量Cu2+含量。该法的测定波长为664nm,检出限为5.4×10-6g/L,最大相对标准偏差为2.58%,回收率为97.5%~104.5%。     

改性粉煤灰对活性艳兰染料吸附性能的研究

采用添加熟石灰并升温活化的方法对粉煤灰进行改性,研究了粉煤灰改性的适宜条件及其对活性艳兰染料的吸附脱色规律。试验结果表明,活性艳兰染料溶液浓度60mg/L,改性粉煤灰用量40g/L,pH范围5~10,搅拌吸附时间30min,脱色率可达98%以上。改性粉煤灰对活性艳兰染料的脱色吸附符合Freundlich方程。随着吸附温度的升高,改性粉煤灰的吸附能力下降。     

Alterations in Carbohydrate Metabolism in Selected Tissues of Crab,Oziotelphusa Senex Senex (Fabricius) Under Fenvalerate-Induced Stress

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in hepatopancreas and muscle of the crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.2 ppm) of fenvalerate, a pyrethroid insecticide, were studied. the glycogen and total carbohydrate levels decreased significantly in the tissues of crab exposed to fenvalerate. an increase in phosphorylase ‘a’ and decrease in aldolase activity levels suggested increased glycogenolysis, and decreased glycolysis during fenvalerate toxicity. Krebs cycle enzymes such as NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were decreased, suggesting reduced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased significantly, indicating enhanced oxidation of glucose through the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was elevated indicating the development of anaerobic conditions at tissue level in the stressed crab. Cytochrome C oxidase and Mg2+ ATPase activity levels were also decreased, indicating the impaired energy synthesis and prevalence of energy crisis. These results suggest that fenvalerate has a profound effect on the glucose metabolism of crab.     

Nafion膜中嵌入Fe~(2+)光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

将亚铁离子嵌入Nafion膜中利用Fe3+/Fe2+光催化降解亚甲基蓝,脱色率达90%。研究探讨了降解亚甲基蓝时H 2O2以及pH值的影响。亚甲基蓝光催化降解氧化反应符合一级动力学规律,表观速率常数为0.5689min-1。     

负载亚甲基蓝光敏氧化法处理造纸废水研究

利用海藻酸钠、活性炭与亚甲基蓝形成的光敏性氧化剂 ,可以有效地抑制造纸废水中的还原性糖类对活性氧及羟基自由基的猝灭效应 ,大大提高其对COD的去除率。在海藻酸钠、活性炭、亚甲基蓝用量比为 2× 10 3∶70 0∶3 ,氯化钙浓度为 1.5 %时的最佳组合下形成的光敏氧化剂 ,对造纸黑液酸析木质素后废水COD的去除率可达 69.6% ,显示出良好的应用前景。本文还讨论了其可能的降解机理     

光质对蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）生长特征及生化组成的影响研究

采用发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)调制光谱,研究了不同光质(红光、蓝光、白光、红蓝混光8∶1,红蓝混光8∶2,红蓝混光8∶3)对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)生长特性及生化组成的影响.结果表明,蓝光下蛋白核小球藻生长效果最佳,其接种后培养30 d,光密度为2.4,比生长速率为0.10 d-1,生物量为0.64 g·L-1,而其它光质下光密度、比生长速率和生物量分别在1.0~1.7、0.07~0.10 d-1和0.27~0.38 g·L-1之间,蓝光条件下其光密度、比生长速率和生物量分别约为红光下的2.05倍、1.33倍和2.06倍;红蓝混光有利于蛋白核小球藻叶绿素a和β-胡萝卜素的合成,蓝光可促进叶绿素b的合成,红蓝混光8∶1其叶绿素a和β-胡萝卜素的含量分别为13.5 mg·g-1和5.8 mg·g-1,而蓝光下分别为8.4 mg·g-1和3.6mg·g-1;红蓝混光更有利于蛋白核小球藻单位细胞干重蛋白质和总脂的积累,红蓝8∶3蛋白质含量为489.3 mg·g-1,红蓝8∶1总脂含量为311.2 mg·g-1,而蓝光下蛋白质和总脂含量均较低,分别为400.9 mg·g-1和231.9 mg·g-1.     

粉煤灰吸附-Fenton及热再生处理亚甲基蓝废水的特性研究

首先表征了水洗粉煤灰(FA)及酸改性粉煤灰(M-FA)的物理化学特性,采用序批实验研究了FA及M-FA对亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,MB)废水的吸附特性,并对吸附平衡的粉煤灰进行了Fenton氧化再生和热再生性能研究.结果表明,FA和M-FA吸附速率方程符合二级吸附速率模型,吸附等温方程符合Langmuir等温模型,吸附平衡时间为30 min,FA和M-FA的平衡吸附量分别为4.22 mg.g-1和5.98 mg.g-1,M-FA吸附能力优于FA.在pH 2～12的范围内随着pH的提高,M-FA吸附量增大,FA吸附量缓慢减小至pH 8为最低点后明显增大,静电吸附对吸附量的增减起主要作用.当H2O2投加量为78.4mmol.L-1、Fe2+投加量为0.72 mmol.L-1时,FA和M-FA的Fenton氧化法再生率分别为61%和55%.当热再生条件为400℃、2 h时,连续3次的热再生,FA再生率增加,分别为102%、104%和107%,M-FA再生率减小,分别为82%、75%和74%.FA再生率优于M-FA,热再生优于Fenton氧化再生.     

Synthesis of malachite@clay nanocomposite for rapid scavenging of cationic and anionic dyes from synthetic wastewater

Synthesis of malachite@clay nanocomposite was successfully carried out for the removal of cationic (Methylene Blue, MB) and anionic dyes (Congo Red, CR) from synthetic wastewater. Nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, SEM, FT-IR, EDS analysis and zeta potential. TEM analysis indicated that the particle diameter of nanocomposite was in the range of 14 to 23 nm. Various important parameters viz. contact time, concentration of dyes, nanocomposite dosage, temperature and solution pH were optimized to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. In the case of MB, removal decreased from 99.82% to 93.67% while for CR, removal decreased from 88.55% to 75.69% on increasing dye concentration from 100 to 450 mg/L. pH study confirmed the higher removal of CR in acidic range while MB removal was higher in alkaline range. Kinetic study revealed the applicability of pseudo-second-order model for the adsorption of both dyes. Negative values of ΔG⁰ for both systems suggested the feasibility of dye removal and support for spontaneous adsorption of CR and MB on nanocomposite. Nanocomposite showed 277.77 and 238.09 mg/g Langmuir adsorption capacity for MB and CR respectively. Desorption of dyes from the dye loaded nanocomposite was easily carried out with acetone. The results indicate that the prepared malachite@clay nanocomposite is an efficient adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for the aforementioned dyes.     

Fe~0-C-Clay陶粒用于亚甲基蓝模拟废水处理的研究

针对传统微电解工艺存在的填料板结问题,烧制了一种新型微电解材料——Fe0/C/Clay陶粒,并将其应用于亚甲基蓝模拟废水的处理。单因素试验筛选的最佳试验参数为:亚甲基蓝浓度为1 000 mg/L,pH=5,A/L=1.5,HRT=4 h,此时色度去除率和COD去除率分别为90%和58%。紫外可见光谱扫描分析表明:可见光区的吸收明显减少。连续运行试验发现,出水水质稳定时间较长,运行中陶粒填料没有发生板结。