生态执政能力建设初探

探讨了生态执政能力建设的重要性及其内涵,认为生态执政能力是一个政党应对环境问题的能力,关系到政治、经济、文化、社会和生态安全等方面能否持续发展。生态执政能力的内容包括制定符合生态规律和环境保护要求的路线、方针政策的能力;领导制定和实施环境保护法律、法规的能力;动员和组织政党成员及国民学习和实践环境保护知识、理念、行为和规范的能力;领导国民建设生态文明、生态文化的能力;领导国民和教育国民选择、建设可持续发展的经济模式的能力。     

Torque Production Using Handwheels of Different Size During a Simulated Valve Operation Task

Opening and closing valves in industrial facilities often requires operators to use bars and wrenches as levers (cheaters) in order to overcome initial actuation forces. In order to determine more appropriate operational specifications, the maximum torque production capability was measured when 12 male participants used 4 different valve handwheels at 3 different heights and 2 different angles (in relationship to the coronal plane). The results indicate that the participants produced significantly greater torque when the largest of the 4 wheels (40.6 cm diameter) was used than when the medium (22.9 cm), small (20.3 cm), and handled (17.8 cm) handwheels were used. Although the main effect of heights was found to be statistically significant, post-hoc analyses between the heights found them to be, essentially, equal. In addition, the vertical and horizontal wheel orientations were not found to be different. The results are applicable to all industries where handwheels are used and applicable to valve manufacturers for designing operational torque specifications below the values found in this study.     

Torque Production Using Hand Cranks in a Simulated Gear-Operated Valve Opening Task

Hand cranks are used in a variety of industries to actuate valves and in other gear-operated applications. In order to evaluate these types of operations and their compatibility with operator strength capabilities, a rotational dynamometer was used to measure torque production capability of operators using a hand crank at different heights and angles (with respect to the coronal plane). The tests were conducted for both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations using the dominant arm of each test participant. A total of 18 tests were completed by each of five male right-handed test participants. A 0° declination angle, counterclockwise operation, and both 40.65 cm and 60.96 cm heights were found to be associated with the greatest torque production capabilities.     

基于多级模糊综合评价法的煤矿企业应急能力评价研究

煤矿企业应急能力的建设是煤矿企业安全管理的关键内容,为了提高煤矿企业应急能力水平,选取并设计了煤矿企业应急能力的评价指标体系,基于多级模糊综合评价法提出了煤矿企业应急能力的评价方法。采用层次分析法确定煤炭企业应急能力评价指标的权重,利用模糊数学方法对煤矿企业应急能力进行多级模糊综合评价。应用构建的煤矿企业应急能力评价指标体系对淮南市某煤矿企业进行综合评价,确定该企业的应急能力等级。研究结果对提升煤矿企业应急能力具有一定的参考价值。     

秭归县移民环境容量的变化对血吸虫病传播的影响

为探讨移民环境容量改变对血吸虫病传播的影响，避免国外兴修大型水利工程赞成血吸虫病疫区扩大的悲剧在我国重演，采用历史资料分析，现场调查和类比实验的方法进行研究。结果表明三峡库区秭归县社会经济变动对血吸虫病传播的影响主要表现为使其移民环境容量变小，导致森林植被破坏增大，产沙量增加，加之建坝后水流流速减慢，挟沙能力降低，产生泥沙淤积，形成荒芜的洲滩或江滩，造成钉螺孳生的环境，一旦输入钉螺和传染源，将可能造成血吸虫病的流行。提出了如下预防对策：（1）在秭归县及库区湖北段不应强调粮食自给，必须纠正忽视生态效益，片面追求以生产粮食为主的作法，应发挥山区，丘陵地区的林牧副及土特产优势，大力发展柑橘和其它木本特产经济作物，进行多种经营积累资金，以补充粮食不足。（2）严格执行《水土保护法》，《防洪法》等法规，同时建立相应的机构，监督法规的严格执行。（3)寺加植被覆盖度，保持水土。在库区应无条件地封山育林，退耕还林，植树造林，特别注意发展水保林，防护林，水源涵养林，风景林，增加地面覆盖度。（4）修建水平梯田，坡式梯田，拦水堰等坡面工程降低地表径流冲刷力，将会有效地减少水土流失。     

两相法筛选高效除磷菌的研究

利用模拟除磷菌生存环境的两相法,设计厌氧-好氧两相交替条件,配合厌氧相含底物无磷培养基和好氧相含磷无底物培养基,进行高效除磷菌的筛选和菌株除磷能力检测.两相法包括前期富集、筛选、检测前驯化和检测共四个阶段.采用两相法从运行良好的SBR反应器中筛得15株菌,所有菌株均具有除磷能力,菌株除磷能力强.两相法筛选除磷菌具有针对性强,工作量小,筛选获得的菌株多样性好和高效除磷菌比例高等优点.     

三江源植被保持土壤能力的时空变化

为深入了解三江源区植被保持土壤的能力,以RS和GIS为技术支撑,在对三江源区植被覆盖度动态变化特征分析的基础上,利用SL190—2007《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》推荐的中国土壤侵蚀模型CSLE(Chinese soil loss equation)估算了2000—2010年三江源区植被的土壤保持能力,并分析其时空动态变化特征. 结果表明:①2000—2010年三江源区年均植被覆盖度为43%~50%;植被平均土壤保持量为849~955 t/km2,并且空间差异很大,总体上呈自西北向东南增加的空间分布格局. ②2000—2010年植被的土壤保持能力呈逐渐增加趋势,其中2000—2005年各流域的土壤保持能力平均增加了约29 t/km2,并以大夏河与洮河流域土壤保持能力的增幅(约700 t/km2)最大,其次为玛曲至龙羊峡(约300 t/km2),羌塘高原区植被的土壤保持能力增幅(仅2.08 t/km2)最小;2005—2010年各流域的土壤保持能力呈现轻微增长,平均增加了约9 t/km2,其中增幅较大的是柴达木盆地东和直门达至石鼓流域(约16 t/km2),增幅最小的是羌塘高原区(仅3.90 t/km2). ③三江源植被土壤保持能力随植被覆盖度的增加呈非线性增长,可通过指数或幂函数形式表达. 研究显示,增加植被覆盖度有助于提高三江源区的土壤保持能力、控制区域土壤侵蚀.      

Lifting strength in two-person teamwork

This study examined the effects of lifting range, hand-to-toe distance, and lifting direction on single-person lifting strengths and two-person teamwork lifting strengths. Six healthy males and seven healthy females participated in this study. Two-person teamwork lifting strengths were examined in both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. Our results showed that lifting strength significantly decreased with increasing lifting range or hand-to-toe distance. However, lifting strengths were not affected by lifting direction. Teamwork lifting strength did not conform to the law of additivity for both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. In general, teamwork lifting strength was dictated by the weaker of the two members, implying that weaker members might be exposed to a higher potential danger in teamwork exertions. To avoid such overexertion in teamwork, members with significantly different strength ability should not be assigned to the same team.     

基于风险和应急准备能力评估的 应急救援能力建设

为提升我国应对综合自然灾害的应急响应与救援能力,笔者首先指出我国目前在应急准备能力评估和应急救援能力建设方面存在的主要问题;然后以地震为例,提出应急准备能力评估的指标体系框架、指标分类及评价方法,通过评估找出现存能力差距,开展基于风险评估和应急准备能力评估的应对综合自然灾害的救援能力建设。研究表明:开展基于风险和应急准备能力评估的救援能力建设能实现重特大自然灾害快速有效响应与指挥调度能力,极大提升我国重特大自然灾害的应对能力。     

通用航空公司安全运行保障能力未确知测度分析

通用航空公司安全运行保障能力是通用航空公司可持续健康发展的前提条件,是实现民航"两翼齐飞"的重要基石。根据通用航空公司安全运行保障能力较为低下的现状,以通用航空公司为例,基于日常运行状况和特点,结合现场调研结果,从人员、机械设备、环境、管理4方面提出了通用航空公司安全运行保障能力指标体系,鉴于其运行具有不确定性、模糊性和复杂性等特点,构建通用航空公司安全运行保障能力未确知测度分析模型,对其安全运行保障能力的水平进行评估,并与公司评估小组的评估结果进行对比,发现:模型计算所得到的安全运行保障能力等级与实际情况相符合,确定了通用航空公司今后应重点加强专业化人员培养、设备及时更新和设备维护等方面的工作。