基于AHP-最小判别的逐级判别模型的石油企业安全应急能力评价

为评价石油企业安全事故应急能力现状,改善其应急管理能力,从监控预警能力、应急处理能力、恢复总结能力3个方面构建了石油企业应急能力的评价指标体系,然后采用AHP-最小判别的逐级判别方法构建了石油企业安全事故应急能力评价模型,并将其用于某石油企业安全事故应急能力的评价过程中,最后以"最差"的关键指标为标准,确定了该石油企业安全事故应急能力的等级。结果表明:该石油企业安全事故应急能力处于一般水平,其中应急建设工作、应急指挥协调能力、监测预警能力和恢复处理能力是影响该石油企业应急能力的最关键因素。该方法为提高该石油企业应急管理能力提供了量化的依据。     

汶川地震前成都市避难场所应急能力评估

为判断地震避难场所紧急避难能力是否满足居民灾后紧急避难阶段的需求,提出基于L-A模型的避难场所应急能力评估方法。该方法充分考虑紧急避难场所容纳能力、居民空间分布状况、紧急疏散路径因素,采用空间网络分析方法确定避难场所服务范围,将区域未能接纳人数及地震避难场所利用率作为避难场所评估分析的重要因素,并综合运用GIS技术实现评估分析的可视化。最后以成都市现有避难场所布局为例进行分析,结果表明:在震后紧急避难阶段成都中心城区有一定数量的人群未能安全避难且紧急避难场所资源分布不均衡。     

城市开敞空间的避难容灾能力评价研究——以深圳市南山区为例

避难场所的规划选址与开敞空间的避难容灾能力密切相关,但较少研究关注到人口分布现状对避难场所空间选址的影响。以深圳市南山区为例,采用遥感及GIS技术,结合社区人口统计数据,通过分析区内开敞空间的有效性、安全性、通达性及收容性,综合评价其避难容灾能力,为城市避难场所选址筛选出适宜的空间。结果表明:量化的评价程序可有效地剔除有安全隐患或通达性较差、容灾能力不足的空间,结合人口分布现状更能凸显区域内避难场所空间分布的不足,容灾缺口计算结果可作为城市避难场所增设选址的参考依据。     

港口水域突发事件应急预案存在的问题与对策分析

针对港口功能的拓展和规模的扩大以及自然灾害的影响,港口水域安全面临较为严峻形势的特点,系统分析现有的港口水域突发事件应急预案在应急指挥机制、应急运行机制和应急保障力量建设等方面存在不足,根据国家和地方有关应急预案建设相关的法律法规要求,结合港口水域安全管理的特点,提出港口水域安全管理相关职能部门密切协作,建立起协作、高效的应急指挥体系、进一步完善预防预警机制、加强应急队伍建设、构建完备的应急物资装备保障体系和经费保障制度等方面的具体措施,全面加强港口水域突发事件应急处置能力建设,提高港口水域各相关部门的应急能力,为港口城市经济的发展提供安全的港口营运环境。     

中山市城区建筑物抗震能力与抗震措施研究

通过对广东省中山市城区建筑物震害预测的分析研究,明确了中山市城区当前建筑物存在的抗震薄弱环节,确定了危旧房屋集中地段的分布,给出了中山市城区建筑物抗震能力综合评价,对重要建筑物的安全程度做出了判断,最后提出了提高建筑物抗震能力的抗震措施。     

装备环境适应性设计思想变革与实践

目的推行装备现代环境适应性设计思想,构建环境适应性设计技术与能力体系,提升装备环境适应性设计水平。方法通过对比传统与现代环境适应性设计思想的优缺点,阐明环境适应性设计思想变革的必要性,通过梳理、建设环境适应性设计技术与能力体系,并在装备研制过程中推广应用,促进现代环境适应性设计思想实践。结果工程设计分析与试验结果表明,高低温与振动工作极限指标提升20%~30%,基本可靠性提升57%,装备环境适应能力明显超出研制要求。结论现代环境适应性设计思想及其技术与能力体系在装备研制工作中将发挥巨大作用。     

Torque Production Using Hand Cranks in a Simulated Gear-Operated Valve Opening Task

Hand cranks are used in a variety of industries to actuate valves and in other gear-operated applications. In order to evaluate these types of operations and their compatibility with operator strength capabilities, a rotational dynamometer was used to measure torque production capability of operators using a hand crank at different heights and angles (with respect to the coronal plane). The tests were conducted for both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations using the dominant arm of each test participant. A total of 18 tests were completed by each of five male right-handed test participants. A 0° declination angle, counterclockwise operation, and both 40.65 cm and 60.96 cm heights were found to be associated with the greatest torque production capabilities.     

Torque Production Using Handwheels of Different Size During a Simulated Valve Operation Task

Opening and closing valves in industrial facilities often requires operators to use bars and wrenches as levers (cheaters) in order to overcome initial actuation forces. In order to determine more appropriate operational specifications, the maximum torque production capability was measured when 12 male participants used 4 different valve handwheels at 3 different heights and 2 different angles (in relationship to the coronal plane). The results indicate that the participants produced significantly greater torque when the largest of the 4 wheels (40.6 cm diameter) was used than when the medium (22.9 cm), small (20.3 cm), and handled (17.8 cm) handwheels were used. Although the main effect of heights was found to be statistically significant, post-hoc analyses between the heights found them to be, essentially, equal. In addition, the vertical and horizontal wheel orientations were not found to be different. The results are applicable to all industries where handwheels are used and applicable to valve manufacturers for designing operational torque specifications below the values found in this study.     

基于多级模糊综合评价法的煤矿企业应急能力评价研究

煤矿企业应急能力的建设是煤矿企业安全管理的关键内容,为了提高煤矿企业应急能力水平,选取并设计了煤矿企业应急能力的评价指标体系,基于多级模糊综合评价法提出了煤矿企业应急能力的评价方法。采用层次分析法确定煤炭企业应急能力评价指标的权重,利用模糊数学方法对煤矿企业应急能力进行多级模糊综合评价。应用构建的煤矿企业应急能力评价指标体系对淮南市某煤矿企业进行综合评价,确定该企业的应急能力等级。研究结果对提升煤矿企业应急能力具有一定的参考价值。     

Lifting strength in two-person teamwork

This study examined the effects of lifting range, hand-to-toe distance, and lifting direction on single-person lifting strengths and two-person teamwork lifting strengths. Six healthy males and seven healthy females participated in this study. Two-person teamwork lifting strengths were examined in both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. Our results showed that lifting strength significantly decreased with increasing lifting range or hand-to-toe distance. However, lifting strengths were not affected by lifting direction. Teamwork lifting strength did not conform to the law of additivity for both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. In general, teamwork lifting strength was dictated by the weaker of the two members, implying that weaker members might be exposed to a higher potential danger in teamwork exertions. To avoid such overexertion in teamwork, members with significantly different strength ability should not be assigned to the same team.