Effects of carrying handles,postures, materials and distances on carrying capability

This study recruited 14 industrial workers to examine the effects of carrying handles, postures, materials and distances on maximum acceptable weights of carrying (MAWC), and resulting heart rate and body rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for a 20 min intensive carrying task. This study showed that MAWC of carrying with bar handles, carrying with hands-and-body posture, solid materials and 4?m distance were significantly higher than that of carrying with groove handles, carrying with hands posture, liquid materials and 8?m distance, respectively. The resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of groove handles, hands-and-body carrying posture, solid materials and 4?m distance were lower than the resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of bar handles, hands carrying posture, liquid materials and 8?m distance, respectively. Most pair levels of independent variables resulted in similar body's RPEs except for the pair levels of carrying distance.     

基于云模型的城轨信号系统安全保障能力评价方法*

为准确评价城轨信号系统安全保障能力及影响因素,基于云理论对定性与定量因素的良好融合优点,构建城轨信号系统安全保障能力评价云模型及评价指标体系,采用组合赋权法对各指标赋予权重,并基于专家意见,利用正向云发生器生成标准云。结果表明:该云模型具有一定稳定性和可靠性,可对城轨信号系统安全保障能力进行有效测评,同时能够发现安全运营中的缺陷,有助于协助管理方进行针对性改善,以提高城轨信号系统的安全保障能力。     

城市综合承灾能力评价的分形模型

基于结构决定功能的系统原理,运用分形理论,构建城市综合承灾能力分形评价模型。首先构建了城市综合承灾能力评价指标体系;其次进行原始数据标准化处理及指标数据之间相关性的消除;接着进行研究对象的分形评价与分维计算;最后通过对29个城市实例进行计算,并与模糊可变识别评价方法、指数评价方法进行比较验证,得到各城市综合承灾能力属于相对较强、中等和较弱的各占13.79%6,5.52%和20.69%。实例分析结果与各城市承灾能力实际状态基本一致,显示该方法能利用一个综合反映多因素之间复杂关系的特征指标给出相应的评价等级结果。     

重大冰雪灾害应急管理能力的评价——以湖南省为例

针对重大冰雪灾害应急管理的复杂性,基于湖南冰雪灾害案例以及国内外自然灾害及其应急管理的相关文献,提出了重大冰雪灾害应急管理能力评价指标结构。运用熵权法和群决策方法确定指标综合权重,采用群决策方法获得专家群体对一级评价指标的综合偏好,形成评价城市的综合评价矩阵,运用灰色综合评价模型求出各个评价城市应急管理能力的排序向量。最后以湖南省冰雪灾害为案例进行了应用。     

中国自然灾害备灾能力评价与地域划分

阐述了自然灾害发生之前,备灾响应能力评价的指标选择、指标模型的建立和地域划分;厘定了救灾物资的分类体系;基于救灾物资救助等级的划分程序,提出了国家主要灾种和救灾物资的救助评价等级及其地域划分.救灾物资的救助地域划分,不仅可以为国家不同自然灾害救灾物资代储类型和数量的地域匹配提供依据,而且可以为灾害救助区划服务,特别是为灾中应急和灾后恢复提供物资保障,从而达到有效减灾的目的.     

吸附-降解组合生物系统处理含铜离子城市污水

采用Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞为吸附剂的生物吸附过程组合SBR生物降解系统处理含铜离子城市废水.研究了生物吸附剂Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞的最佳制备条件以及组合系统的运行过程.实验结果表明,在优化的条件下,Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞对铜离子的吸附容量可达87.3mg·g^-1,经生物吸附处理后,污水中Cu²⁺的含量显著降低,尽管残留的Cu²⁺对活性污泥吸附COD的能力尚有一定影响,但已不影响SBR系统对废水中COD的去除效果.研究表明,在活性污泥法处理含铜离子废水前,采用生物吸附技术降低废水中Cu²⁺含量,有利于提高后续活性污泥过程对COD的去除能力.     

Vertical and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and relationship with their influencing factors in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone： a case study in Taihu Lake, China

Vertical and temporal distributions of N and P in soil solution in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone （ATE） of Taihu Lake were investigated, and the relations among N, P, ORP （oxidation reduction potential）, TOC, root system biomass and microorganism were studied. As a whole, significant declines in TN, NO3^--N, DON （dissolved organic nitrogen） and TP concentration in soil solution have occurred with increase of the depth, and reached their minima at 60 cm depth, except for NH4^＋-N, which increased with depth. The concentration of TP increased gradually from spring to winter in the topsoil, the maximum 0.08 mg/L presented in the winter while the minimum 0.03 mg/L in spring. In the deeper layer, the concentration value of TP fluctuated little. As for the NO3^--N, its seasonal variation was significant at 20 cm depth, its concentration increased gradually from spring to autumn, and decreased markedly in winter. Vertical and temporal distribution of DON is contrary to that of NO3^--N. The results also show that the variation of N and P in the percolate between adjacent layers is obviously different. The vertical variation ofTN, TP, NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N and DON is significant, of which the variation coefficient of NO3^--N along the depth reaches 100.23%, the highest; while the variation coefficient of DON is 41.14%, the smallest. The results of correlation analysis show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus correlate significantly with TOC, ORP, root biomass and counts of nitrifying bacteria. Most nutrients altered much from 20 to 40 cm along the depth. However, DON changed more between 60 and 80 cm. Results show that soil of 0-60 cm depth is active rhizoplane, with strong capability to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in ATE. It may suggest that there exists the optimum ecological efficiency in the depth of above 60 cm in reed wetland. This will be very significant for ecological restoration and reestablishment.     

市政污泥脱水性能实验研究与形态学分析

本研究将运用微波技术与离心脱水相结合的方法来达到促进污泥中结合水释放及改善脱水特性的目的.通过测定毛细吸水时间、黏度、含水率,采集污泥图像、提取形态学特征进行污泥脱水改性的效果分析及分形维数的分析.离心脱水实验结果表明,适当增加离心转速和温度时,污泥的含水率降低;正交实验结果表明微波功率1000W、微波温度50℃、离心转速2000r/min、离心时间15min的条件下含水率最低达到83.75%,且适当的微波预处理条件有利于污泥的脱水;微波预处理后污泥分形维数在2.4~2.8之间,污泥结构改变.对污泥脱水性能的表征参数与污泥含水率进行拟合,建立污泥脱水性能的模型,为预测和改善污泥脱水性能提供基础性研究.     

南海水域不同深度非光合微生物的固碳潜能及其对不同电子供体的响应

通过对南海水域多个区域不同深度的海水分别以H2、Na2S2O3、Na NO2为电子供体经过一定时间的驯化培养后,测定其中非光合微生物的固碳潜力,并统计南海水域不同深度非光合微生物在不同电子供体条件下固碳潜力的差异性,最后结合不同深度海水的主要固碳基因丰度差异,分析南海水域不同深度海洋非光合微生物在不同电子供体条件下固碳潜能差异的原因.结果发现以Na NO2为电子供体时,海洋非光合微生物固碳能力普遍较低,各深度之间没有显著差异;以H2为电子供体时,表层海水中的非光合微生物的固碳潜力显著高于深层海水中的;而以Na2S2O3为电子供体时,深层海水中的非光合微生物的固碳潜力显著高于表层海水中的.基因分析结果表明,固碳基因cbb L在表层海水中的丰度高于深层海水,而cbb M基因在深层海水中的丰度高于表层海水.硫细菌大多以拥有cbb M基因为主,而氢细菌大多以拥有cbb L基因为主.因此不同海洋深度非光合微生物对不同电子供体响应的差异性可能和优势菌群结构的差异有关.海洋表层和深层溶解氧、无机碳含量的差异是导致菌群结构差异,乃至固碳潜力差异的重要原因.     

基于模糊Petri网的城市突发性燃气短缺应急能力评估

为了有效地降低在城市突发性燃气短缺应急能力评估过程中应急能力影响因素的不确定性和模糊性对评估结果的影响,提出基于模糊Petri网的城市突发性燃气短缺应急能力评估方法。通过分析城市突发性燃气短缺应急事前-事中-事后过程的影响因素,根据评估准则构建出1个包括5个二级指标和26个三级指标的应急能力评估指标体系;针对评估指标体系复杂且变迁的权重值缺乏客观性等问题,引入模糊推理算子与层次分析法,采取定性与定量相结合的方法对评估体系进行应急能力评估。实例仿真结果表明,与传统的评估方法相比,利用模糊Petri网对应急能力评估的结果更加准确和科学。