三相流化床中混合载体的协同作用

在侧边沉降的三相气提升流化床反应器中使用粗粒焦炭和细粒石英砂混合构成载体来处理废水具有良好的协同作用。处理焦化废水的实验表明,与单一载体相比,混合载体不易流失;ＣＯＤ容积负荷高达１１ｋｇ／（ｄ·ｍ３）;对酚氰等有害物质的耐冲击能力好;高负荷运行时酚和氰的出水浓度仅为单一载体的１／５－１／３;使用混合型载体还有利于挂膜和降低曝气能耗。     

有木几热载休锅炉请洗剂的性能试验研究

通过对目前市场上常见的几种有机热载体清洗剂,尤其是在线清洗剂进行模拟清洗试验,同时试验研究了在线清洗对有机热载体的影响,评估其清洗效果和对锅炉及传热系统安全性影响。     

水解酸化-复合式膜生物反应器组合工艺处理涤纶碱减量废水的试验研究

采用水解酸化复合式膜生物反应器组合工艺处理涤纶碱减量废水。实验结果表明,本工艺处理效果非常明显,系统出水CODCr为26.6～68.03mgL,系统的CODCr总去除率达到93%～98%,对苯二甲酸的降解率超过94%。水解酸化工艺对苯二甲酸的降解作用很小,降解率为0.23%～6.02%;但对乙二醇的降解作用却非常明显,降解率达到58.94%～71.49%,水解酸化工艺将废水的可生化参数BC提高了0.173～0.227。多孔柔性悬浮填料,一方面,提高了对膜表面的冲刷作用,减少膜表面的沉积层;另一方面,增加了原生动物和后生动物在MBR中的数量,有效地减轻了膜污染。     

固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境中普遍存在的一类典型有机污染物,绿色修复PAHs污染土壤已成为国内外环境和土壤界共同关注的热点问题之一.作为一种新型的微生物修复技术,固定化微生物修复有机污染土壤正受到越来越多的关注,国内外相关研究刚刚开始.本文重点评述了近几年国内外有关固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的最新进展,总结了固定化微生物技术的修复原理、微生物固定化载体的选择、高效降解菌的筛选、固定化方法及影响因素等方面,并提出今后的发展方向,为我国开展固定化微生物技术修复有机污染土壤的研究提供参考.     

两种释碳材料的制备及其性能研究

应用固定化技术制备了包埋淀粉的聚乙烯醇(PVA)释碳材料和海藻酸钠(SA)释碳材料,采用红外光谱和扫描电镜对其物化特性进行分析,研究了二者的释碳性能以及作为碳源对硝态氮的去除效果.结果表明,PVA释碳材料中淀粉混合较好,释碳过程满足二级动力学方程,单位质量材料释放的饱和COD达到99.60mg/(g·L).在温度为18~22℃,pH7.2~8.0,硝态氮浓度为35mg/L的条件下,PVA释碳材料的平均反硝化速率为18.5g/(m3·d),SA释碳材料的平均反硝化速率为15.5g/(m3·d),在稳定运行15d后,出水硝态氮浓度逐渐升高,脱氮效果开始下降.     

两种悬浮填料在ASBBR厌氧氨氧化系统中的性能比较与微生物解析

选取聚乙烯（T1）和聚氨酯（T2）两种悬浮填料投入到两套相同厌氧序批式生物膜反应器（ASBBR）R1和R2中,以城市生活污水为配水基质,考察了两种填料在ASBBR中的性能及菌群结构特征,选出更适宜厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）菌生长的填料.结果表明：R1和R2反应器分别在第93 d和73 d成功启动厌氧氨氧化,并实现稳定运行.稳定运行阶段,R1、R2系统总无机氮（TIN）平均去除率分别达88.34%、87.97%.此外,运行第150 d时,测得单个T1、T2填料的ANAMMOX菌活性分别为5.70和3.70 mg·g^-1·h^-1.同时,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征结果证明,球状菌在T1填料上的数量比同倍数下T2填料上多,且杂菌较少.高通量测序结果显示,T1、T2填料上Candidatus anammoxoglobus菌属相对丰度分别为75.29%和38.23%.本研究表明,相比于聚氨酯（T2）填料,聚乙烯（T1）填料更适宜ANAMMOX菌的富集.     

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength,hydraulic residence time(HRT),and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product(SMP) production were investigated,to gain insights into the production mechanism.A carrier anaerobic batfled reactor (CABR) treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions,namely,feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L,HRTs of 9-18 h,and temperatures of 10-28℃.Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature.At high temperature (28℃),SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature Was decreased to 18 and 10℃.the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT Therefore,temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) ratio Was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation.SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR.As a secondary metabolite.some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.     

浅议橡胶废水处理技术

论述了生物载体生化法处理橡胶废水的工艺技术.通过生产性试验和正在用该工艺运行的两家橡胶加工厂废水处理情况看,COD的去除率可达95%以上,出水水质稳定,可达标排放.运行成本为0.35元/m3,经济效益和环境效益都很显著.     

Carrier detection and microsatellite analysis of duchenne and becker muscular dystrophy in spanish families

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD) are usually problematical when trying to determine the carrier status of at-risk women, which usually has to be based on haplotype or dosage analysis on Southern blots. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, we have detected deletions in 20 out of 44 D/BMD families with living affected members (45·5 per cent), more often in sporadic cases of DMD (14/22 with detectable deletion) than in familial ones (4/15), the majority (15/20) occurring in the distal region of the D/BMD gene. Four highly informative short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs), which lie within the distal deletion hot spot of the D/BMD gene, can show loss of heterozygosity in carrier females, providing direct evidence of their carrier status. These STRPs greatly improve informativity, with a combined heterozygosity of 100 per cent and with the majority of families informative for three of the four STRPs. In 14/15 (93 per cent) of the families with distal deletions, the STRPs provided direct information on carrier status, and in some cases, they provide valuable information on recombination breakpoints and non-paternity.     

Lesch—Nyhan syndrome: Carrier and prenatal diagnosis

We report the results of carrier and prenatal diagnosis for hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency, Lesch—Nyhan syndrome, by carrier testing of 83 women and prenatal analysis of 26 pregnancies. Our diagnostic methodologies include mutation detection and linkage analysis for probands and their families and biochemical measurement of HPRT enzyme activity for at-risk pregnancies. Identification of the mutation in the index case of each family permits precise carrier diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of HPRT gene sequences and automated DNA sequencing. We demonstrate 100 per cent sensitivity for the detection of mutations in the HPRT gene of affected males and highly efficient carrier testing of at-risk females. Two other molecular methods proven to have high utility include PCR-based dosage analysis and linkage analysis by PCR amplification of a short tandem repeat (STR) in intron 3 of the HPRT gene. As a result, 45 at-risk women, 56 per cent of those tested, were identified not to be carriers of their family's HPRT gene mutation. Seven of these women were the mothers of affected males and prenatal testing for future pregnancies was recommended because of the possibility of gonadal mosaicism. Thirty-eight of these women were more distant relatives of affected males, thereby eliminating the need for future prenatal procedures. These studies illustrate the utility and precision of molecular methodologies for carrier and prenatal diagnosis of Lesch—Nyhan syndrome. These studies also illustrate that molecular diagnostic studies of affected males and carrier testing prior to pregnancy can clarify genetic risk predictions and eliminate unnecessary prenatal procedures.