固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的应用

固定化微生物技术是一种高效的废水生物处理技术,具有能保持高效菌种,稳定性强,反应易于控制,污泥产生量少,能够去除高浓度有机物及难降解物质等优点。对载体的选择及常用的固定化方法进行了介绍,分析了各种方法与载体在应用中的优缺点。重点叙述了固定化微生物技术在含难降解有机物废水、含重金属离子废水、含高浓度有机废水、含氮含磷废水中的应用现状。但要实现其工业化,仍然有诸多问题需要解决,主要包括：固定化参数的建立、载体的选择、运行成本的削减等。     

Dystrophin protein and rflp analyis for fetal diagnosis and carrier confirmation of duchenne muscular dystrophy

A pregnant woman with indeterminate Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) carrier status, but with DMD diagnosed in her deceased brother (unavailable for study), presented for prenatal diagnosis, intending to continue the pregnancy only if proven unaffected with DMD with near absolute certainty. Creatine kinase (CK) assays to clarify carrier status were inconclusive. Male sex in the fetus was identified, but DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was not yet available to this centre to investigate the possible transmission of the DMD gene, and the pregnancy was terminated. Tissue histology and dystrophin protein analysis demonstrated the absence of DMD. In a situation with proven maternal carrier status, future fetal inheritance of the opposite maternal X chromosome would indicate the presence of DMD. However, maternal carrier status remained in doubt through a second pregnancy, even with RFLP studies, and was finally established when dystrophin analysis confirmed the presence of DMD in the second fetus. Histologic findings are presented, contrasting features in the two fetuses. The value of dystrophin analysis for establishing the diagnosis of fetal DMD, in this case proving maternal carrier status in a difficult situation, and for demonstrating DMD gene:RFLP haplotype relationships is illustrated.     

An Experimental Study on the Treating River Sewage with New Bioreactor

A new bioreactor on the basis of a dynamic fluidized bed was designed, which combines advantages of the fluidized bed and a biological contactor. The experiments of start up, normal operation and parameter adjustment are carried out. The results show that the bioreactor can be quickly started up in the condition that the fill is 50%, the hydraulic retention time is 72 min, aerate speed is 2.5 m3/h, rotation-cage rotated speed is 1.5 r/min, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （CODcr） and Ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） are 75.34% and 80.98% respectively. The influence of the operation parameter on removal rates of the bioreactor is analyzed, and an appropriate operation parameter is provided.     

以聚己内酯作为生物反硝化固体碳源的研究

为解决水体因低碳氮比而导致脱氮效率差的问题,将颗粒聚己内酯(PCL)重新塑形为阶梯环状,研究其作为反硝化过程的生物膜载体与固相碳源的反硝化性能。结果表明,在静态实验中,平均反硝化速率为8.57 mg NO3-N/(L·h);反硝化过程为零级反应。连续填充床实验中,超过90%的硝酸盐可被去除,出水NO2-N质量浓度低于0.20 mg/L;出水NH3-N质量浓度略有上升;出水溶解性有机碳(DOC)先上升后降低至1 mg/L左右。电子扫描显微镜扫描显示,PCL阶梯环反应表面空隙率较高,表面生物膜以杆菌为主,反应后被明显腐蚀;液相色谱检测显示PCL阶梯环分子量反应前后略有下降,其结构未受到破坏;表明该材料适合作为反硝化反应的碳源的同时,又可以作为载体供微生物附着生长。     

磁性生物膜载体的规模化制备、表征和应用

利用机械力化学表面改性原理设计了卧式双旋搅拌混合反应设备,通过磁铁矿粉和适量浓硫酸的球磨混合反应制备得到磁性生物膜载体,其XRD、IR、SEM和BET表征分析结果表明,磁性生物膜载体表层生成了多羟基硫酸铁为主的活性组分.进而在膜生物反应器实验装置中投加磁性生物膜载体进行了中试实验,结果表明,磁性生物膜载体能与活性污泥中的微生物聚合形成稳定的菌胶团,活性污泥SV30从实验初期89%降到了稳定期的39%,此外,磁性生物膜载体还具有稳定膜生物反应池出水COD,强化脱氮除磷的能力.     

浮游微藻携带和传播WSSV的研究

以对虾养殖池塘中常见的湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、盐藻(D unaliella salina)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)四种浮游微藻为实验对象,研究其是否可以携带和传播严重危害对虾养殖业的对虾白斑病病毒(WSSV).研究结果表明,这四种微藻和WSSV病毒粗提液混合后,经PCR检测发现在混合后96 h内微藻都可以携带WSSV,其中湛江等鞭金藻和亚心形扁藻在144 h内为WSSV阳性,盐藻在120 h内为阳性,然后在不同时间呈现WSSV阴性.采取病毒-浮游微藻吸附法,用携带WSSV的微藻投喂美丽猛水蚤(Nitocra sp.5d,经套式PCR检测,美丽猛水蚤为病毒阳性.这说明浮游微藻可以携带并且传播WSSV.     

生态沟渠-生物滞留池组合控制农村径流污染

生态沟渠和生物滞留池因其良好的径流污染控制能力和生态效益,日益受到广泛关注和应用,但单一的生态沟渠或生物滞留池在农村径流污染控制中常存在氮磷去除效果不稳定和基质易堵塞等问题.将两者串联构建组合系统,利用生态沟渠预处理去除部分污染物,可降低生物滞留池污染负荷和减轻基质堵塞;同时在生物滞留池中设置淹没区并添加天然载体碳源提升系统脱氮效果.研究了载体碳源、降雨强度和干湿交替等条件对生态沟渠-生物滞留池组合系统控制农村径流污染的影响.结果表明,投加稻草和木屑两种天然载体碳源分别将生物滞留池段的TN去除率提升19.9%和20.4%.模拟降雨强度从小雨增至大雨时,外加碳源组合系统COD、 NH⁺₄-N、 TN和TP去除率平均下降17.0%、 16.8%、 20.4%和17.2%,其中生态沟渠段对4种污染物的去除贡献平均降低16.3%、 13.0%、 24.2%和22.1%.干湿交替运行可提高系统的污染物去除效果,相较连续进水,干旱3周后木屑组TN平均去除率提升12.3%.微生物群落分析结果显示,木屑组和稻草组生物滞留池样品的α多样性高于对照组;投加载体碳...     

Enhancing anoxic denitrification of low C/N ratio wastewater with novel ZVI composite carriers

External organic carbon sources are needed to provide electron donors for the denitrification of wastewater with a low COD/NO₃^--N（C/N） ratio, increasing the treatment cost. The economic strategy is to enhance the bioactivity and/or biodiversity of denitrifiers to efficiently utilize organic substances in wastewater. In this study, novel zero-valent iron（ZVI） composite carriers were prepared and implemented in a suspended carrier biofilm reactor to enhance the bioactivity an...     

Ti-Si-Ox脱硝催化剂载体的组分优化及其性能研究

采用挤出成型法制备系列Ti-Si-Ox复合氧化物催化剂载体,研究了Ti-Si-Ox催化剂载体组分配比、酸量、比表面积与脱硝性能和抗压强度的关系。采用XRD、Raman spectra、N2-BET、Py-IR以及XPS等表征技术对催化剂载体进行表征。结果表明：Ti/Si元素摩尔比为9∶1时Ti0.9Si0.1Ox催化剂载体的轴向抗压强度适中且脱硝催化活性最高;在5 000 h-1空速条件下,催化剂载体最高脱硝活性在400 ℃时达到99.0%且起燃温度降至260 ℃;另外,Ti0.9Si0.1Ox催化剂载体的比表面积为75.4 m2·g-1,介孔最可几分布为8.1 nm,轴向抗压强度为1.4 MPa,符合工业应用条件,即Ti-Si-Ox载体具有较好的工业应用前景。     

一种新型复合球填料在低浓度污水再生回用中的应用研究

新型复合球填料为沸石与悬浮球填料的有机组合体,密度约为0.92～0.97g/cm3,比表面积为711～1185m2/m3,表面粗糙,物化性能稳定.在曝气量为20∶1,停留时间为6 h时,装有新型复合球填料的反应柱挂膜容易,成膜时间短,膜不易脱落,且生物相丰富.膜成熟时对生活污水中的氨氮和COD都有很好的去除效果,出水氨氮浓度≤2 mg/L,去除率≥93%;出水COD浓度≤22 mg/L,去除率≥80%.新型复合球反应柱在稳定状态处理低浓度的二级出水时,出水氨氮浓度≤2 mg/L,去除率≥89%,出水COD浓度为10～36 mg/L,去除率为48%～81%.出水水质符合GB50335-2002标准.