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241.
研究在流溪河水库水质现状调查的基础上,结合历史调查资料,采用了Vollenweider模型、OECD模型对流溪河水库水质进行了模拟并对TN、TP水环境容量进行了计算。结果表明,水库的TN、TP水环境容量在2005-2009年间分别是364.21-661.49 t/a、25.37-44.15 t/a,水环境容量与降雨量呈正相关,由于水库的降雨量年际变化比较大,导致水库的水环境容量的年际变化也较大。从流溪河水库4年的平均状况来看,水库总氮没有剩余容量,应削减负荷22.53%,总磷的剩余容量为2.27t/a,占其总环境容量的比重为18.27%。 相似文献
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244.
闽南地区生态环境对酸沉降的临界负荷研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
报道了闽南生态环境对酸沉降临界负荷的研究结果。考虑到干、湿2种沉降形式,试用了1种新的酸沉降临界负荷计算方法:用树木和农作物的SO2容量代表酸性干沉降的临界负荷,用土壤酸缓冲容量计算酸性湿沉降的临界负荷。结果表明:闽南的干、湿酸沉降临界负荷均大大高于现实酸沉降负荷 相似文献
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根据吉林省地方标准规定的河流水域功能类别和1995年水质监测结果,采用水质单项标准指数法,对吉林省主要河流34个国控和省控监测断面的单项指标、全指标、有机污染型指标和重金属污染型指标进行了功能评价。结果表明,仅有6个监测断面满足指定的标准功能要求,符合率仅为17.6%,主要超标污染物是CODMn和挥发酚。以COD为控制指标,根据逆推法的河流水环境容量模式,计算了污水达标排放情况下的污水允许排放量,从而对河流控制断面指定的标准功能进行了可达性分析。结果表明,污水达标排放时,河流流量较大、污径比较小的河流可达到指定标准功能要求;而枯水期流量较小、污径比较大的河流很难达到,应实施重点污染物的排放总量控制制度。 相似文献
247.
Don C. MacIver 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,49(2-3):177-189
Strategies to conserve biodiversity need to include the monitoring, modelling, adaptation and regulation of the composition of the atmosphere. Atmospheric issues include climate variability and extremes; climate change; stratospheric ozone depletion; acid deposition; photochemical pollution; suspended particulate matter; and hazardous air pollutants. Coarse filter and fine filter approaches have been used to understand the complexity of the interactions between the atmosphere and biodiversity. In the first approach, climate-based models, using GIS technology, helped create future biodiversity scenarios under a 2 × CO2 atmosphere. In the second approach, the SI/MAB forest biodiversity monitoring protocols helped calibrate the climate-forest biodiversity baseline and, as global diagnostics, helped identify where the biodiversity was in equilibrium with the present climate. Forest climate monitoring, an enhancing protocol, was used in a co-location approach to define the thermal buffering capacity of forest ecosystems and their ability to reduce and ameliorate global climate variability, extremes and change. 相似文献
248.
The present study investigated the fate and transport of two significant anions through soil to explore their potential as groundwater contaminants. The retention properties of chloride and sulfate in soils having several significantly different characteristics (soil‐1 and soil‐2) were determined using adsorption test and adsorption‐diffusion column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 3.7 and 1.16 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, with organic matter (OM) content of 3.92% and 4.69%, respectively. The sulfate adsorption obtained was 24.09% and 13.83%, respectively, in the two soils. The anions exhibited monolayer adsorption in the soils with replacement of hydroxyl ions from soils as the major mechanism of adsorption. On the other hand, the adsorption capacities obtained from the adsorption‐diffusion column experiment were about 100 times lower compared to that of the column tests of both of the soils. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 0.03 mg/g and 0.01 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, whereas that of sulfate was 0.04 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g. The empirical relation for depth of penetration (d) from a known spillage onto the soil surface was determined as a function of sorption capacity (S) and initial anion concentration (C) as d = 0.0073e(?57S)C and d = 0.0038e(?35S)C for chloride and sulfate, respectively. 相似文献
249.
Gregory C. Luther Joko Mariyono Raden M. Purnagunawan Ben Satriatna Martin Siyaranamual 《Natural resources forum》2018,42(2):71-82
This study assesses the impact of farmer field schools (FFS) on the productivity of vegetable farming in vegetable‐producing areas of East Java and Bali, Indonesia. The FFS have equipped over 3,000 vegetable farmers with integrated crop management knowledge applicable to chilies and tomatoes. The FFS are expected to enhance farmers’ capacity such that they can increase production. This study employs a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) method to overcome selection bias. A survey of 250 FFS‐graduated farmers and 250 non‐FFS farmers were purposively randomly selected from the overall community of farmers. Focus group discussion was used to support the survey. The results indicate that FFS were successful for enhancing farmers’ capability in vegetable farming. Farmers who participated in FFS have higher productivity than those who did not. Farmers also could adapt and adopt the knowledge gained from FFS as they underwent a process of learning by doing. The impacts of the increase in farmers’ capacity can be more evident if weaknesses during the FFS preparation and implementation can be overcome, to ensure more participation, flexibility to fit different conditions/needs and continuous learning. 相似文献
250.
Michael William Mullen Bruce E. Allison 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(3):655-662
ABSTRACT: Forces driving the initiation of watershed management activities in Alabama have ranged from top-down, agency-led initiatives to bottom-up, citizen-led initiatives. A number of watershed projects in Alabama were examined including three NPS projects funded by U.S. EPA grants and a more comprehensive locally-initiated watershed management authority. Watershed projects were categorized into four different models. Factors which produced significant differences in the development and utilization of social capital and local capacities for watershed management were investigated. The success of watershed management initiatives was examined qualitatively and appears to correlate with a number of social factors. These factors include the extent of stakeholder involvement, the availability of social capital in the watershed, and the presence of a real or perceived water resource concern or problem. Both short term project success and the longer term prognosis for continued watershed management activities seems to depend most upon the amount of social capital in the watershed. Two major changes in resource management programs and organizations could lead to increased focus on and support for local watershed management initiatives. These are reorganization of resource management agencies around watershed units, and assignment of at least one staff person in each watershed unit to watershed management. 相似文献